Investigating the impact of rice blast disease on the livelihood of the local farmers in greater Mwea region of Kenya
Investigating the impact of rice blast disease on the livelihood of the local farmers in greater Mwea region of Kenya
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DOI：
10.1186/2193-1801-2-308
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发表时间：
2013-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Makihara, Daigo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kihoro, Joseph;Bosco, Njoroge J.;Makihara, Daigo
大米是肯尼亚最重要的谷物作物，仅次于玉米和小麦。它是肯尼亚大多数家庭非常重要的饮食。过去几年，肯尼亚对大米的需求急剧增加，但产量仍然很低。这是因为水稻生产受到严重限制，特别是植物病害，其中最具破坏性的是稻瘟病。已知稻瘟病会导致约 60% - 100% 的产量损失。它是由一种名为 Magnaporthe Oryzae 的子囊菌纲真菌引起的。本研究的目的是调查稻瘟病对大姆韦阿地区当地农民生计的影响，并利用 GIS 方法绘制稻瘟病分布图。研究方法采用问卷调查，对 Mwea 地区 7 个区 70 个街区的家庭进行抽样调查。使用 SAS 9.1 版对收集的数据进行分析。采用描述性统计方法总结农户特征、农场特征以及农民对稻瘟病的认知。在调查问卷中，农民对是否受到稻瘟病影响以及单位面积总产量的回答被用来制作带有GPS点的属性表。对 GPS 点进行插值以创建稻瘟病的地理分布图。从调查结果来看，几乎所有农民都对稻瘟病有认识和了解，受访农民中98%了解稻瘟病。在 98% 有知识和意识的人中，76% 曾受过该疾病的影响，而 24% 的人从未受到影响。农民将稻瘟病归因于一系列不同的原因，包括过量使用氮肥、缺水、缺乏适当的排水渠道以及气候变化。大多数受访农民（72%）即使在受到稻瘟病影响后也没有从事任何其他社会经济活动。 15%选择种植园艺作物，7%从事贸易活动，2%开始饲养牲畜、赚取工资和博大博大生意。
Rice is the most important cereal crop in Kenya coming third after maize and wheat. It forms a very important diet for a majority of families in Kenya. The demand for rice in Kenya has seen a dramatic increase over the last few years while production has remained low. This is because rice production has been faced by serious constraints notably plant diseases of which the most devastating is rice blast. Rice blast is known to cause approximately 60% - 100% yield losses. It is caused by an Ascomycete fungus called Magnaporthe Oryzae. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of rice blast disease on the livelihood of the local farmers in Greater Mwea region and develop a rice blast disease distribution map using GIS approach. The study methodology employed a questionnaire survey which were subjected to sample population of households in the 7 sections with 70 blocks within Mwea region. The collected data was analysed using SAS Version 9.1. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the household characteristics, the farm characteristics and the farmers' perceptions of rice blast disease. In the questionnaire, farmers' response on whether they had been affected by rice blast disease and the total production per acreage was used to develop an attribute table with GPS points. The GPS points were interpolated to create a geographical distribution map of rice blast disease. From the research findings almost all the farmers' had awareness and knowledge of rice blast disease, 98% of the farmers interviewed were aware of rice blast disease. Out of the 98% with knowledge and awareness 76% have been affected by the disease, while 24% have never been affected. Farmers attributed rice blast disease to a range of different causes, including excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer, water shortage, lack of proper drainage canal and due to climate change. Majority of the farmers interviewed (72%) did not engage themselves in any other socio-economic activity even after being affected by the rice blast disease. 15% opted to growing horticultural crops, 7% engaged in trading activities while 2% started livestock raring, wage earning and Boda boda business.