Similarity in Relationships as Niche Construction: Choice, Stability, and Influence Within Dyads in a Free Choice Environment
Similarity in Relationships as Niche Construction: Choice, Stability, and Influence Within Dyads in a Free Choice Environment
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DOI：
10.1037/pspp0000088
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发表时间：
2017-02-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Preacher, Kristopher J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bahns, Angela J.;Crandall, Christian S.;Preacher, Kristopher J.
一系列的实地研究集中在友谊中相似性作为生态位构建的作用。使用自由放养的二分体收获方法，我们收集了11个独立的样本，1,523个相互作用的对，并比较了二分体成员的人格特质，态度，价值观，娱乐活动，酒精和药物使用。内二分体相似性在86%的测量变量上具有统计学显著性。确定相似性是否主要归因于生态位构建（即，选择）或社会影响，我们测试了相似性是否随着亲密度，亲密度，讨论，关系长度和态度重要性的增加而增加。没有影响相似的亲密度，关系长度，或讨论的态度。亲密关系的影响相当温和，态度的共同重要性的影响是可靠的。因为关系长度、亲密度、亲密程度和讨论都可以作为社会影响力的机会或潜力的标志，这些数据与相似性的“生态位构建”解释是一致的。在2个后续控制纵向实地研究中，参与者与他们不知道从他们的大型讲座类的人互动，并在稍后的时间完成了态度，价值观和人格特质的调查。相互作用的对并不比机会更相似，但对于23%的二分体，在第一次会议之后相互作用，二分体成员之间存在显着的相似性。这两条调查路线的汇合表明，相似性主要是由于生态位的构建，在关系的早期阶段最为重要;它对进一步关系发展的重要性减弱。
A series of field studies focused on the role of similarity as niche construction in friendships. Using a free-range dyad harvest method, we collected 11 independent samples with 1,523 interacting pairs, and compared dyad members' personality traits, attitudes, values, recreational activities, and alcohol and drug use. Within-dyad similarity was statistically significant on 86% of variables measured. To determine whether similarity was primarily attributable to niche construction (i.e., selection) or social influence, we tested whether similarity increased as closeness, intimacy, discussion, length of relationship, and importance of the attitude increased. There were no effects on similarity of closeness, relationship length, or discussion of the attitude. There were quite modest effects of intimacy, and a reliable effect of the shared importance of the attitude. Because relationship length, intimacy, closeness, and discussion can all serve as markers of opportunity for, or potency of social influence, these data are consistent with the "niche construction" account of similarity. In 2 follow-up controlled longitudinal field studies, participants interacted with people they did not know from their large lecture classes, and at a later time completed a survey of attitudes, values, and personality traits. Interacting pairs were not more similar than chance, but for the 23% of dyads that interacted beyond the first meeting, there was significant similarity within dyad members. These 2 lines of inquiry converge to suggest that similarity is mainly due to niche construction, and is most important in the early stages of a relationship; its importance to further relationship development wanes.