Pre- and post-hatch trophic egg production in the subsocial burrower bug, Canthophorus niveimarginatus (Heteroptera: Cydnidae)
Pre- and post-hatch trophic egg production in the subsocial burrower bug, Canthophorus niveimarginatus (Heteroptera: Cydnidae)
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s00114-008-0463-z
复制
发表时间：
2009-02-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Nomakuchi, Shintaro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Filippi, Lisa;Baba, Narumi;Nomakuchi, Shintaro
近年来，三种陆生昆虫：Adomerus triguttaulus 和 Sehirus cinctus（Cydnidae）以及密切相关的 Parastrachia japonensis（Parastrachiidae）已成为多项有趣研究的焦点，因为它们被发现表现出非凡、广泛的亲代照顾。这种护理包括保护卵和若虫、生产营养卵、未受精的低成本卵（供新孵化的若虫用作食物）以及逐步提供宿主种子。在这项研究中，我们调查了第三种相关的亚洲刺蝾螈，Canthophorus niveimarginatus，以了解这些复杂性状中的一些或全部的可能发生，以便评估这些母性投资模式在这组昆虫中的普遍程度，并更好地从进化背景中理解其表现的含义。在实验室中进行了操纵实验，以确定雌性是否提供巢穴。进行了观察和卵去除研究，以确定是否产生营养卵，以及如果产生的话，它们对若虫成功的可能影响。研究结果表明，事实上，C. niveimarginatus 确实会逐渐生育后代，而且该物种还表现出与亚社会昆虫的长期亲代照顾相关的所有其他行为。此外，与其他两个相关物种将营养性卵放置在原始卵块表面不同，C. niveimarginatus 会产生孵化前和孵化后的营养性卵。无法获得孵化后营养卵的若虫的体重和存活率显着低于以营养卵为食的若虫。据我们所知，这是首次在膜翅目以外的昆虫中证明孵化前和孵化后营养卵的产生。在本文中，我们定性和定量地论证了 C. niveimarginatus 的供应行为和营养性产卵模式。何时以及如何产生营养卵并将其传递给幼崽应该与物种进化所受的生态和生活史限制具有重要的相关性。因此，我们还讨论了有利于孵化后营养性蛋进化的可能的生态和生活史因素。
In recent years, three terrestrial bugs, Adomerus triguttulus and Sehirus cinctus (Cydnidae) and the closely related Parastrachia japonensis (Parastrachiidae), have been the focus of several fascinating studies because of the remarkable, extensive parental care they were found to display. This care includes egg and nymph guarding, production of trophic eggs, unfertilized, low cost eggs that are used as food by newly hatched nymphs, and progressive provisioning of the host seed. In this study, we have investigated yet a third related Asian cydnid, Canthophorus niveimarginatus, with regard to the possible occurrence of some or all of these complex traits in order to assess how widespread these maternal investment patterns are in this group of insects and to better understand the implications of their manifestations from an evolutionary context. Manipulative experiments were carried out in the lab to determine whether females provision nests. Observational and egg removal studies were carried out to determine whether trophic eggs are produced, and, if they are, their possible impact on nymphal success. The findings revealed that C. niveimarginatus does, in fact, progressively provision young, and this species also displays all of the other behaviors associated with extended parental care in subsocial insects. Moreover, unlike the other two related species, which place trophic eggs on the surface of the original egg mass, C. niveimarginatus produces both pre- and post-hatch trophic eggs. Nymphs deprived of access to post-hatch trophic eggs had significantly lower body weight and survival rate than those that fed on them. To our knowledge, this is the first time the production of both pre- and post-hatch trophic eggs has been demonstrated in insects outside the Hymenoptera. In this paper, we qualitatively and quantitatively demonstrate the provisioning behavior and patterns of trophic egg production in C. niveimarginatus. When and how trophic eggs are produced and delivered to young should have important correlations with the ecological and life history constraints under which a species has evolved. Thus, we also discuss the possible ecological and life history factors that favor the evolution of post-hatch trophic eggs.