Functional anatomy of human eyeblink conditioning determined with regional cerebral glucose metabolism and positron-emission tomography.
Functional anatomy of human eyeblink conditioning determined with regional cerebral glucose metabolism and positron-emission tomography.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.92.16.7500
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发表时间：
1995-08
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
C. Logan;Scott T. Grafton
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Logan;Scott T. Grafton
相对脑葡萄糖代谢与正电子发射断层扫描（PET）作为一种衡量神经元激活的经典条件眨眼反应在12个年轻的成年受试者的性能。每个受试者接受三个阶段：（i）PET扫描的对照阶段，其中给予音调条件刺激和角膜喷气非条件刺激的未配对呈现，（ii）配对训练阶段，以允许发生联想学习，以及（iii）PET扫描的配对测试阶段。表现出学习相关激活的脑区被确定为那些区域，在未配对的控制条件和良好的训练状态之间的葡萄糖代谢的显着差异，在9名受试者谁满足学习标准。显示显著激活的区域包括双侧小脑下皮质/深核、小脑前蚓部、对侧小脑皮质和脑桥被盖、同侧下丘脑/红核、同侧海马结构、同侧外侧颞叶皮质和双侧腹侧纹状体。在所有受试者中，包括那些不符合学习标准的受试者，同侧小脑核、双侧小脑皮质、前蚓部、对侧脑桥被盖、同侧海马结构和双侧纹状体的代谢变化与学习程度相关。小脑及其相关脑干回路的定位与兔眨眼经典条件反射模型的神经生物学研究和脑损伤人类的神经心理学研究一致。此外，这些数据支持海马在条件反射中的作用，并表明腹侧纹状体也可能参与其中。
Relative cerebral glucose metabolism was examined with positron-emission tomography (PET) as a measure of neuronal activation during performance of the classically conditioned eyeblink response in 12 young adult subjects. Each subject received three sessions: (i) a control session with PET scan in which unpaired presentations of the tone conditioned stimulus and corneal airpuff unconditioned stimulus were administered, (ii) a paired training session to allow associative learning to occur, and (iii) a paired test session with PET scan. Brain regions exhibiting learning-related activation were identified as those areas that showed significant differences in glucose metabolism between the unpaired control condition and well-trained state in the 9 subjects who met the learning criterion. Areas showing significant activation included bilateral sites in the inferior cerebellar cortex/deep nuclei, anterior cerebellar vermis, contralateral cerebellar cortex and pontine tegmentum, ipsilateral inferior thalamus/red nucleus, ipsilateral hippocampal formation, ipsilateral lateral temporal cortex, and bilateral ventral striatum. Among all subjects, including those who did not meet the learning criterion, metabolic changes in ipsilateral cerebellar nuclei, bilateral cerebellar cortex, anterior vermis, contralateral pontine tegmentum, ipsilateral hippocampal formation, and bilateral striatum correlated with degree of learning. The localization to cerebellum and its associated brainstem circuitry is consistent with neurobiological studies in the rabbit model of eyeblink classical conditioning and neuropsychological studies in brain-damaged humans. In addition, these data support a role for the hippocampus in conditioning and suggest that the ventral striatum may also be involved.