Estimating vaccine effects from studies of outbreaks in household pairs
Estimating vaccine effects from studies of outbreaks in household pairs
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DOI：
10.1002/sim.2236
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发表时间：
2006-03-30
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
O'Neill, PD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Becker, NG;Britton, T;O'Neill, PD
衡量疫苗有效性的传统方法是观察相对发病率，即易感性降低和感染后传染性降低。这些措施虽然简单易行，但没有考虑到疾病的传播，因此，它们在很大程度上取决于社区环境、研究期的长短、招募参与者参加研究的方式以及感染的毒力。有时他们对疫苗的评价非常误导，我们通过例子来说明。在这里，疫苗效力的措施被认为是避免这些缺陷，估计程序的基础上爆发的家庭对的研究。这些研究能够估计疫苗对易感性、传染性和传播的影响。我们建议在不对疫苗反应的性质作出任何假设的情况下，通过对措施界限的一致估计来估计疫苗有效性措施。版权所有（c）2005年约翰威利父子有限公司。
The traditional way to measure efficacy of a vaccine, with respect to reduced susceptibility and reduced infectivity once infected, is to look at relative attack rates. Although straightforward to apply, such measures do not take disease transmission into account, with the consequence that they can depend strongly on the community setting, the duration of the study period, the way participants are recruited into the study and the virulence of the infection. Sometimes they give a very misleading assessment of the vaccine, as we illustrate by examples. Here measures of vaccine efficacy are considered that avoid these defects, and estimation procedures are presented for studies based on outbreaks in household pairs. Such studies enable estimation of vaccine effects on susceptibility, infectivity and transmission. We propose that the vaccine efficacy measures be estimated, without making any assumptions about the nature of the vaccine response, by consistent estimates of bounds for the measures. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.