Dissociable effects of valence and arousal in adaptive executive control.
Dissociable effects of valence and arousal in adaptive executive control.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0029287
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Zehetleitner M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kuhbandner C;Zehetleitner M
基于内省主义、语义学和心理生理学的实验框架，长期以来，人们一直认为所有的情感状态都来自两个独立的基本维度，即价态和唤醒。然而，到目前为止，还没有研究在认知加工中情感相关的变化水平上研究效价和唤醒是否也是可分离的。我们考察了效价(负与正)和唤醒(低与高)的变化如何影响需要执行控制的任务的绩效，因为最近的研究表明，两个可分离的认知成分参与了任务绩效的调节：当前控制量(即过滤目标无关信号的强度)和控制适应(即随着时间的推移维持当前目标的强度)。使用视觉突出式分心任务，我们发现控制完全由唤醒调制，因为目标无关信号的干扰在高唤醒状态下最大，与价态无关。相比之下，控制力适应完全由效价调节，因为在与目标无关的信号存在的试验后，控制力的增加在消极状态下最大，与唤醒无关。蒙特卡罗模拟显示，如果经验干扰和冲突驱动的干扰调制之间没有相关性，那么两个实验因素对控制和控制适应的不同影响可以分离出来，就像目前的数据一样。因此，观察到的效价和唤醒对适应性执行控制的影响确实是不可分离的。这些发现表明，情感对认知过程的影响可以由效价和唤醒差异的独立效应驱动，这可能解决了以前关于情感-认知交互作用的几个不同的研究结果。
Based on introspectionist, semantic, and psychophysiological experimental frameworks, it has long been assumed that all affective states derive from two independent basic dimensions, valence and arousal. However, until now, no study has investigated whether valence and arousal are also dissociable at the level of affect-related changes in cognitive processing. We examined how changes in both valence (negative vs. positive) and arousal (low vs. high) influence performance in tasks requiring executive control because recent research indicates that two dissociable cognitive components are involved in the regulation of task performance: amount of current control (i.e., strength of filtering goal-irrelevant signals) and control adaptation (i.e., strength of maintaining current goals over time). Using a visual pop-out distractor task, we found that control is exclusively modulated by arousal because interference by goal-irrelevant signals was largest in high arousal states, independently of valence. By contrast, control adaptation is exclusively modulated by valence because the increase in control after trials in which goal-irrelevant signals were present was largest in negative states, independent of arousal. A Monte Carlo simulation revealed that differential effects of two experimental factors on control and control adaptation can be dissociated if there is no correlation between empirical interference and conflict-driven modulation of interference, which was the case in the present data. Consequently, the observed effects of valence and arousal on adaptive executive control are indeed dissociable. These findings indicate that affective influences on cognitive processes can be driven by independent effects of variations in valence and arousal, which may resolve several heterogeneous findings observed in previous studies on affect-cognition interactions.