Natural History Aspects of Marine Mammal Echolocation: Feeding Strategies and Habitat
Natural History Aspects of Marine Mammal Echolocation: Feeding Strategies and Habitat
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海洋哺乳动物回声定位的自然历史方面：喂养策略和栖息地
DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4684-7493-0_54
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发表时间：
1988
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
F. T. Awbrey
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
W. Evans;F. T. Awbrey
近年来，海洋哺乳动物和尤其是鲸目动物的回声定位知识状况得到了有效的回顾（Wood 和 Evans，1980；Watkins 和 Wartzok，1985）。这两篇评论都表明，大多数努力仍然针对生物物理学，而不是自然历史、生物学和功能方面。在 1966 年的第一届动物声纳会议上，唐纳德·格里芬 (Donald Griffin) 和其他人询问研究鲸类动物的研究人员如何在导航或进食中使用回声定位。不幸的是，20 年后，这种非凡能力的这两种“明显”用途仍然主要通过推理来理解。 Wood 和 Evans (1980) 中描述的“Scylla”悖论表明，失去视力的海豚可以使用定向听觉而不是主动声学扫描来检测和捕获移动的猎物，从而避开猎物。这种听觉（“被动声纳”）的使用已经在蝙蝠身上得到了很好的研究（Fiedler et al., 1980），但至少在印刷品中没有考虑将其用于海洋哺乳动物。这种情况正在改变。 Sonafrank、Elsner 和 Wartzok（1983）最近的测试表明，斑海豹可以利用视觉和听觉来寻找冰洞并进行导航。
The state of knowledge of echolocation in marine mammals and cetaceans in particular has been reviewed effectively in recent years (Wood and Evans, 1980; Watkins and Wartzok, 1985). Both of these reviews reveal that most efforts are still directed toward biophysics rather than the natural history, biological, and functional aspects. At the First Animal Sonar Conference in 1966, Donald Griffin and others asked researchers working with cetaceans how echolocation is used in navigation or feeding. Unfortunately 20 years later these two “obvious” uses of this extraordinary capability are still understood mainly by inference. The “Scylla” paradox described in Wood and Evans (1980), indicated that a dolphin deprived of vision can use directional hearing rather than active acoustic scanning to detect and capture moving, avoiding prey. This use of listening (“passive sonar”) has been well studied in bats (Fiedler et al., 1980), but not considered, in print at least, for use by marine mammals. That is changing. Recent tests by Sonafrank, Elsner, and Wartzok (1983) demonstrated that a spotted seal could use vision and listening to find ice holes and to navigate.