Behavioural indicators of motives for barroom aggression: Implications for preventing bar violence
Behavioural indicators of motives for barroom aggression: Implications for preventing bar violence
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1465-3362.2010.00252.x
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发表时间：
2011-09-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Saltz, Robert F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Graham, Kathryn;Bernards, Sharon;Saltz, Robert F.
介绍和目标。为了制定新的战略，以防止在高风险的持牌处所暴力，我们确定在这些环境中的攻击的明显动机的行为指标，并概述了不同的预防动机的影响。设计和方法。胁迫行为理论界定的攻击或胁迫行为的四种动机构成了研究的框架：获得服从、表达不满/恢复正义、获得有利的社会身份和追求乐趣/刺激。从更安全的酒吧评估研究的攻击事件进行了分析，以确定每种动机的行为指标。结果服从动机的攻击通常采取不受欢迎的社会姿态的形式，第三方干预，以阻止冲突或工作人员规则的执行。预防战略包括使侵略者集中注意遵守，以避免引起可能使侵略升级的不满和认同动机。冤情的动机通常是由认为的不法行为引起的，因此预防工作应侧重于消除冤情的根源，并采取和平解决冤情的政策/做法。社会认同动机是许多饮酒场所特有的，尤其是在男性顾客和工作人员中。预防包括减少环境中的身份线索，雇用没有身份问题的工作人员，并培训工作人员避免引发身份问题。由乐趣/兴奋激发的攻击通常涉及低水平的攻击，可以通过避免不满和对身份的攻击来防止升级。讨论和结论。对动机行为指标的了解可用于加强员工招聘和培训实践，减少攻击性的环境触发因素，并制定减少攻击性动机的政策。[Graham K，Bernards S，威尔斯S，Osgood DW，修道院A，Felson RB，Saltz RF.酒吧间攻击动机的行为指标：对预防酒吧暴力的影响。药物酒精Rev 2011;30：554-563]
Introduction and Aims. To develop new strategies for preventing violence in high-risk licensed premises, we identify behavioural indicators of apparent motives for aggression in these settings and outline the implications of different motivations for prevention. Design and Methods. The four types of motives for aggressive or coercive acts defined by the theory of coercive actions framed the research: gaining compliance, expressing grievances/restoring justice, attaining a favourable social identity and pursuing fun/excitement. Incidents of aggression from the Safer Bars evaluation research were analysed to identify behavioural indicators of each motivation. Results. Compliance-motivated aggression typically takes the form of unwanted social overtures, third party intervention to stop conflicts or staff rule enforcement. Prevention strategies include keeping the aggressor's focus on compliance to avoid provoking grievance and identity motives that are likely to escalate aggression. Grievance motives are typically elicited by perceived wrongdoing and therefore prevention should focus on eliminating sources of grievances and adopting policies/practices to resolve grievances peacefully. Social identity motives are endemic to many drinking establishments especially among male patrons and staff. Prevention involves reducing identity cues in the environment, hiring staff who do not have identity concerns, and training staff to avoid provoking identity concerns. Aggression motivated by fun/excitement often involves low-level aggression where escalation can be prevented by avoiding grievances and attacks on identity. Discussion and Conclusions. Knowledge of behavioural indicators of motives can be used to enhance staff hiring and training practices, reduce environmental triggers for aggression, and develop policies to reduce motivation for aggression. [Graham K, Bernards S, Wells S, Osgood DW, Abbey A, Felson RB, Saltz RF. Behavioural indicators of motives for barroom aggression: Implications for preventing bar violence. Drug Alcohol Rev 2011;30:554-563]