[Development of a portable fall risk index for elderly people living in the community].
[Development of a portable fall risk index for elderly people living in the community].
复制标题
便携式社区老年人跌倒风险指数的开发[J].
DOI：
10.3143/geriatrics.42.346
复制
发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hidetada Sasaki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Toba;J. Okochi;Tai Takahashi;K. Matsubayashi;M. Nishinaga;Shizuru Yamada;R. Takahashi;Reiko Nishijima;Yoshio Kobayashi;Ayako Machida;M. Akishita;Hidetada Sasaki
目的
开发便携式跌倒风险指数。
方法
风险因素是从先前建立的因素中选择的，然后我们将几个环境因素添加到风险指数中；过去 12 个月内曾跌倒、绊倒或绊倒、在没有帮助的情况下无法上下楼梯、步行速度减慢、无法在绿灯间隔内过马路、无法不间断行走 1 公里、无法单腿站立 5 秒（睁开眼睛）、拄拐杖、无法拧干毛巾、头晕或昏厥、弯腰或驼背、膝关节疼痛、视力障碍、听力障碍 干扰、认知能力下降、害怕跌倒、服用 5 种或更多处方药物、家里黑暗的感觉、室内有障碍、地毯或地板上有障碍、每天在家使用台阶、家周围有陡坡。
科目
问卷由 2,439 名社区居住的老年受试者（76.3 +/- 7.4 岁）填写。比较跌倒者（一年内有跌倒史）与非跌倒者之间跌倒风险指数各项目的出现频率。进行多元回归分析以确定既往跌倒的独立危险因素。
结果
除障碍物、台阶使用和家周围陡坡外，跌倒风险指数中的所有项目均在跌倒者中发生的频率更高。多变量分析显示，绊倒或绊倒、无法在绿灯间隔内过马路、头晕或昏厥、车内有障碍物、无法拧干毛巾、使用拐杖和膝关节疼痛是以往跌倒的独立危险因素。这 7 个选定项目作为预测因子进行了进一步分析。受试者工作曲线在 2/3 截止点处达到最大灵敏度和特异度之和（灵敏度 0.65，特异度 0.72）。
结论
便携式跌倒风险指数对于临床环境识别高风险受试者很有用。
AIM
To develop a portable risk index for falls.
METHODS
Risk factors were chosen from previously established factors then we added several environmental factors to the risk index; previous falls in the last 12 month, trippig or stumbling, inability to ascend or descend stairs without help, decreased walking speed, inability to cross a road within the green signal interval, inability to walk 1km without a break, inability to stand on one leg for 5 seconds (eyes open), using a cane, inability to wring out a towel, dizziness or faintness, stooped or rounded back, knee joint pain, visual disturbance, hearing disturbance, cognitive decline, fear of falling, receiving 5 or more prescribed drugs, sensation of darkness at home, obstacles inside, barrier on the carpet or floor, using steps daily at home, steep slopes around home.
SUBJECTS
The questionnaire sheet was completed by 2,439 community-dwelling elderly subjects (76.3 +/- 7.4 years old). The frequency of each items of fall risk index was compared between fallers (history of fall within one year) and non-fallers. Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors for previous falls.
RESULTS
Except barrier, step use and steep slope around home, all items in the fall risk index were more frequent in fallers. Multivariate analysis revealed that tripping or stumbling, inability to cross a road within the green signal interval, dizziness or faintness, obstacles inside, inability to wring out a towel, cane use and knee joint pain were independent risk factors for previous falls. These 7 selected items were further analyzed as predictors. The maximum sum of sensitivity and specificity was reached at the cut-off point of 2/3 (sensitivity 0.65, specificity 0.72) by receiver operating curve.
CONCLUSION
Portable fall risk index is useful for clinical settings to identify high-risk subjects.