Bone geometry and strength adaptations to physical constraints inherent in different sports: comparison between elite female soccer players and swimmers
Bone geometry and strength adaptations to physical constraints inherent in different sports: comparison between elite female soccer players and swimmers
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DOI：
10.1007/s00774-010-0226-8
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发表时间：
2011-05-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Courteix, Daniel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ferry, Beatrice;Duclos, Martine;Courteix, Daniel
众所周知，以冲击或负重活动为特征的运动训练会对骨骼产生成骨作用。人们对骨骼强度和几何形状的潜在影响知之甚少，尤其是对于女性青少年运动员。本研究的目的是调查青少年足球运动员和游泳运动员的臀部几何形状与对照组的正常值相比。这项研究包括 26 名游泳运动员（SWIM；15.9 +/- A 2 岁）和 32 名足球运动员（SOC；16.2 +/- A 0.7 岁），身高和体重相匹配。一组 15 名年龄匹配的对照组用于计算髋关节参数 Z 分数。通过双能 X 射线吸收测定法 (DXA) 评估身体成分和骨矿物质密度 (BMD)。通过髋部结构分析 (HSA) 程序对股骨颈处的 DXA 扫描进行分析，以计算窄颈 (NN)、转子间 (IT) 和股骨干 (FS) 部位的横截面积 (CSA)、皮质尺寸（内皮质直径，ED；外部宽度和厚度，ACT）、质心 (CMP)、横截面惯性矩 (CSMI)、截面模量 (Z) 和屈曲比 (BR)。与游泳运动员相比，足球运动员的特定骨密度显着更高。在所有骨骼部位，每个反映力量的参数（CSMI、Z、BR）都对足球运动员有利。相比之下，游泳运动员的髋部结构分析 (HSA) Z 分数低于对照组的正常值，因此表明游泳运动员的骨骼较弱。总之，这项研究表明训练实践不仅对 BMD 值有影响，而且对骨骼几何参数也有影响。高强度运动可能会改善骨骼强度和骨骼几何形状。此外，这项研究并不支持女性游泳运动员在骨骼特征方面可以被视为久坐受试者的论点。
Sports training characterized by impacts or weight-bearing activity is well known to induce osteogenic effects on the skeleton. Less is known about the potential effects on bone strength and geometry, especially in female adolescent athletes. The aim of this study was to investigate hip geometry in adolescent soccer players and swimmers compared to normal values that stemmed from a control group. This study included 26 swimmers (SWIM; 15.9 +/- A 2 years) and 32 soccer players (SOC; 16.2 +/- A 0.7 years), matched in body height and weight. A group of 15 age-matched controls served for the calculation of hip parameter Z-scores. Body composition and bone mineral density (BMD) were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). DXA scans were analyzed at the femoral neck by the hip structure analysis (HSA) program to calculate the cross-sectional area (CSA), cortical dimensions (inner endocortical diameter, ED; outer width and thickness, ACT), the centroid (CMP), cross-sectional moment of inertia (CSMI), section modulus (Z), and buckling ratio (BR) at the narrow neck (NN), intertrochanteric (IT), and femoral shaft (FS) sites. Specific BMDs were significantly higher in soccer players compared with swimmers. At all bone sites, every parameter reflecting strength (CSMI, Z, BR) favored soccer players. In contrast, swimmers had hip structural analysis (HSA) Z-scores below the normal values of the controls, thus denoting weaker bone in swimmers. In conclusion, this study suggests an influence of training practice not only on BMD values but also on bone geometry parameters. Sports with high impacts are likely to improve bone strength and bone geometry. Moreover, this study does not support the argument that female swimmers can be considered sedentary subjects regarding bone characteristics.