Immune history and influenza virus susceptibility.
Immune history and influenza virus susceptibility.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.coviro.2016.12.004
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发表时间：
2017-02
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Hensley SE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cobey S;Hensley SE
对流感病毒的抗体反应对于保护至关重要，但随着时间的推移，反复接触病毒对抗体进化和有效性的影响方式仍然存在争议。早期观察表明，病毒暴露史对新病毒株的抗体反应的特异性和程度具有深远的影响，这种现象被称为“原始抗原原罪”。尽管“罪孽”可能会抑制免疫反应的某些方面，但到目前为止，几乎没有迹象表明具有预先存在免疫力的宿主比未接触过病毒的宿主更容易受到病毒感染。然而，当遇到新的病毒株时，免疫反应倾向于集中在先前识别的保守表位上，当这些保守表位中出现突变时，可能会产生机会成本。随着时间的推移，具有不同暴露史的宿主可能会继续经历不同的感染模式，这可能会影响流感病毒的持续抗原进化。了解抗体反应发展背后的 B 细胞竞争动态可能有助于解释当前流感疫苗的低有效性，并导致更好的疫苗接种策略。
Antibody responses to influenza viruses are critical for protection, but the ways in which repeated viral exposures shape antibody evolution and effectiveness over time remain controversial. Early observations demonstrated that the history of viral exposures has a profound effect on the specificity and magnitude of antibody responses to a new viral strain, a phenomenon called “original antigenic sin.” Although “sin” might suppress some aspects of the immune response, so far there is little indication that hosts with pre-existing immunity are more susceptible to viral infections compared to naïve hosts. However, the tendency of the immune response to focus on previously recognized conserved epitopes when encountering new viral strains can create an opportunity cost when mutations arise in these conserved epitopes. Hosts with different exposure histories may continue to experience distinct patterns of infection over time, which may influence influenza viruses’ continued antigenic evolution. Understanding the dynamics of B cell competition that underlie the development of antibody responses might help explain the low effectiveness of current influenza vaccines and lead to better vaccination strategies.