Territory exclusivity and intergroup encounters in the indris (Mammalia: Primates: Indridae: Indri indri) upon methodological tuning
Territory exclusivity and intergroup encounters in the indris (Mammalia: Primates: Indridae: Indri indri) upon methodological tuning
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DOI：
10.1080/24750263.2017.1318184
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Giacoma, C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bonadonna, G.;Torti, V.;Giacoma, C.
领地、社会一夫一妻制的物种积极保卫自己的家园，免受同种动物的侵害，以保持对食物或配偶等资源的独占性。灵长类动物使用气味标记和响亮的叫声来表示领地占用，并限制群体间相遇的风险，从而最大限度地实现能量平衡。因德里因德里是一种生活在家庭群体中的领地性、社会性一夫一妻制的歌唱灵长类动物，人们对其研究甚少。这些团体通过长途电话宣布占领领地，并积极保卫自己的领地免受同类入侵者的侵害。这项工作包括在马达加斯加的三个森林中收集的 16 个 indri 群体长达 5 年的数据。我们的目标是 (1) 使用最小凸多边形 (MCP) 估计领土范围，实现最小采样工作量要求； (2) 量化领土排他性，衡量领土之间的重叠； （3）评估群体间接触率并量化群体接触的动态。我们的结果表明，indris均匀地分布在专属的小区域内，没有或很少有重叠。群体间的遭遇非常罕见（每天 0.05 次遭遇），并且发生在领地的边缘。纠纷大多通过声音对抗解决，只有13%的案件以肢体冲突告终。这一框架强调了对地域性的成本效益解释，支持有效限制重叠并避免代价高昂的群体间遭遇的策略。我们假设 indri 的领地行为与配偶保护策略有关，并且发声行为在调节群体间空间动态方面发挥着重要作用。
Territorial, socially monogamous species actively defend their home range against conspecifics to maintain exclusive access to resources such as food or mates. Primates use scent marks and loud calls to signal territory occupancy and limit the risk of intergroup encounters, maximizing their energetic balance. Indri indri is a little-studied territorial, socially monogamous singing primate living in family groups. The groups announce territory occupancy with long-distance calls, and actively defend their territories from conspecific intruders. This work includes data collected in three forests in Madagascar on 16 indri groups over up to 5 years. We aimed (1) to estimate the extent of territories using minimum convex polygon (MCP), implementing minimum sampling effort requirements; (2) to quantify territorial exclusivity, measuring the overlap between territories; and (3) to evaluate the intergroup encounter rate and to quantify the dynamics of group encounters. Our results showed that indris range evenly within exclusive small territories with no or little overlap. Intergroup encounters are rare (0.05 encounters per day), and are located on the periphery of the territories. Disputes were mostly solved with vocal confrontation and only in 13% of the cases ended in physical fights. This frame underlines a cost-benefit explanation of territoriality, favouring a strategy that efficiently limits overlap and avoids costly intergroup encounters. We hypothesize that territorial behaviour in indri is related to mate-guarding strategy and that vocal behaviour plays a fundamental role in regulating intergroup spacing dynamics.