Diagnosis of Nystagmus and Saccadic Intrusions
Diagnosis of Nystagmus and Saccadic Intrusions
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眼球震颤和扫视侵入的诊断
DOI：
10.1093/med/9780199969289.003.0011
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. Zee
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Leigh;D. Zee
本章回顾了眼球震颤或扫视侵入患者的治疗方法及其临床特征（有说明性视频病例）、病因学、病理生理学和治疗。由外周前庭障碍引起的眼球震颤;下拍、上拍和扭转眼球震颤;周期性交替性眼球震颤、跷跷板和半跷跷板眼球震颤;凝视诱发的眼球震颤;布伦斯眼球震颤;向心和反跳眼球震颤;与视觉系统疾病相关的眼球震颤;获得性摆动性眼球震颤伴多发性硬化症;眼腭震颤;会聚-回缩性眼球震颤;婴儿眼球震颤综合征;融合性发育不良性眼球震颤综合征和潜伏性眼球震颤;痉挛性垂转综合征;眼睑眼球震颤进行了讨论。扫视侵入和振荡和临床特点，病因，病理生理学，和方波抽搐，大扫视振荡，扫视脉冲，眼球扑动，眼阵挛，和随意扫视振荡的管理进行了总结。本文总结了眼球震颤和扫视侵入的治疗方法，包括药物治疗、光学治疗、减弱眼外肌的手术（如Kestenbaum-Anderson手术）以及生物反馈和振动等措施。
This chapter reviews the approach to the patient with nystagmus or saccadic intrusions and their clinical features (with illustrative video cases), etiology, pathophysiology, and management. Nystagmus caused by peripheral vestibular disorders; downbeat, upbeat, and torsional nystagmus; periodic alternating nystagmus, seesaw and hemi-seesaw nystagmus; gaze-evoked nystagmus; Bruns nystagmus; centripetal and rebound nystagmus; nystagmus occurring in association with disease of the visual system; acquired pendular nystagmus with multiple sclerosis; oculopalatal tremor; convergence-retraction nystagmus; infantile nystagmus syndrome; fusional maldevelopment nystagmus syndrome and latent nystagmus; spasmus nutans syndrome; and lid nystagmus are discussed. Saccadic intrusions and oscillations and the clinical features, etiology, pathophysiology, and management of square-wave jerks, macrosaccadic oscillations, saccadic pulses, ocular flutter, opsoclonus, and voluntary saccadic oscillations are summarized. Treatments for nystagmus and saccadic intrusions are summarized, including pharmacological treatments, optical treatments, procedures to weaken the extraocular muscles (eg, Kestenbaum-Anderson procedure), and measures such as biofeedback and vibration.