THE SPECIATION OF THE CHEMICAL FORMS OF ARSENIC IN THE BIOLOGICAL MONITORING OF EXPOSURE TO INORGANIC ARSENIC
THE SPECIATION OF THE CHEMICAL FORMS OF ARSENIC IN THE BIOLOGICAL MONITORING OF EXPOSURE TO INORGANIC ARSENIC
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DOI：
10.1016/0048-9697(84)90066-4
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发表时间：
1984-01-01
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
CALZAFERRI, G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
FOA, V;COLOMBI, A;CALZAFERRI, G
血和尿中总砷含量可用原子吸收光谱法测定，该方法包括将砷还原成挥发性氢化物，并在600度灰化。用离子交换层析分离无机砷(InAs)、单甲基砷酸(MMA)和二甲基砷酸(DMAA)，然后直接进行原子吸收光谱分析，可以测定尿中每种砷的形态。在148名正常环境暴露于砷的参考人群中，尿中总砷浓度平均为17.2+-。11.1u.g/L。尿砷中含有10%的异硫氰酸、二甲基亚胺和二甲基亚胺，其余70%为其他形式的有机砷。血AS浓度平均为5.1。+-。6.9ug/L与尿InAs及其代谢物之和(InAs+MMAA+DMAA)呈显著正相关。无机砷在生物体中经历了甲基化。摄取高剂量的As_2O_3后，其代谢产物的排泄时间进程表明As甲基化以饱和机制发生。在接触As_2O_3的工人中，InAs、MMAA和DMAA是与职业暴露研究有关的唯一从尿中排出的As的化学形态。血砷浓度与暴露成正比，只与尿中DMAA排泄量相关；DMAA似乎是最合适的暴露单一指标。在高暴露水平(总排泄量>；200微克/L)下，二甲基亚胺在有机体中的累积反映了其累积。在低暴露水平(总排泄量&50微克/L)下，没有发生短期积累，暴露的最佳生物指标是InAs排泄。摄入海鲜可显著增加尿中总排泄量，持续24~48h，且不伴有InAs、MMAA或DMAA排泄量的增加。来自海鲜的有机砷没有与生物体中的无机砷混合，并在尿液中单独检测到。在对人体接触砷的生物监测中，特别是在尿值较高的情况下，有必要对尿中砷的化学形态进行形态分析，以便确定接触的来源，无论是工业来源还是食物来源。
Total As content may be determined in blood and urine by means of an AAS [atomic absorption spectrometry] method that involved reduction of As to its volatile hydride and ashing at 600.degree. C with MgO and Mg(NO3)2. Separation of inorganic As(InAs), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA) by ion-exchange chromatography, followed by direct AAS analysis, allowed the determination of each As species in the urine. In a reference population of 148 subjects with normal environmental exposure to As, total As concentration in the urine averaged 17.2 .+-. 11.1 .mu.g/l. Urinary As consisted of 10% each of InAs, MMAA and DMAA, the remaining 70% consisting of other forms of organic As. Blood As concentration averaged 5.1 .+-. 6.9 .mu.g/l correlated significantly with the urinary concentration of InAs and the sum of its metabolites (InAs + MMAA + DMAA). Inorganic As underwent methylation in the organism. After ingestion of high quantities of As2O3, the time course of excretion of its metabolites indicated that As methylation occurred by a saturable mechanism. In workers exposed to As2O3, InAs, MMAA and DMAA were the only chemical forms of As excreted in the urine relevant to a study of occupational exposure. Blood As concentration was proportional to exposure and correlated only with urinary DMAA excretion; DMAA seemed to be the most appropriate single indicator of exposure. At high levels of exposure (total As excretion > 200 .mu.g/l), As accumulated in the organism of DMAA excretion reflected its accumulation. At low levels of exposure (total As excretion < 50 .mu.g/l) a short-term accumulation did not occur and the best biological indicator of exposure was InAs excretion. Seafood ingestion markedly increased urinary excretion of total As that lasted for 24-48 h and was not accompanied by any increase in InAs, MMAA or DMAA excretion. Organic As from seafood did not mix with the pool of inorganic As in the organism and was separately detected in urine. In the biological monitoring of human exposure to As, particularly in the case of high urinary values, the speciation of the chemical forms of As in urine was necesary in order to establish with certainty the source, industrial or alimentary, of exposure.