Advanced understanding of the tritium recovery process from the ceramic breeder blanket
Advanced understanding of the tritium recovery process from the ceramic breeder blanket
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DOI：
10.1016/s0022-3115(97)00203-1
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发表时间：
1997-09
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
C. Johnson;J. Kopasz;S. Tam
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Johnson;J. Kopasz;S. Tam
氚增殖层成功运行的关键是了解氚的传输和释放特性以及氢在此过程中所扮演的角色。有迹象表明，晶粒尺寸（表面与体积之比）在很大程度上决定了氚释放是否受到扩散或解吸的限制。也就是说，颗粒尺寸越大，体扩散决定释放速率的可能性就越高。对于较小的晶粒尺寸，晶粒表面发生的作用变得极其重要，尤其是氢在整个过程中所扮演的角色。实验研究表明，氦气吹扫气体中存在 0.1% H2 可增强锂陶瓷中氚的释放。已发现释放的氚以 HT 和 HTO 的形式存在。对氧化锂表面解离氢化学吸附的从头计算为了解氢在影响锂陶瓷增殖剂释放氚中的作用提供了定量基础的一个组成部分。这些计算表明氢在陶瓷表面上的异解吸附。
The key to successful operation of a tritium breeder blanket is to understand the tritium transport and release characteristics and the role that hydrogen plays in this process. Indications are that grain size (surface-to-volume ratio) largely determine whether tritium release is limited by diffusion or desorption. That is, the larger the grain size the higher the probability that bulk diffusion will determine the release rate. For smaller grain size, the actions taking place on the grain surface become extremely important especially as regards the role that hydrogen plays in the overall process. Experimental studies have indicated that the presence of 0.1% H2in the helium purge gas enhances the release of tritium from the lithium ceramic. The tritium released has been found in the form of both HT and HTO. The ab initio calculations on the dissociative hydrogen chemisorption on lithium oxide surfaces provide one component of the quantitative basis for an understanding of the role of hydrogen in affecting the release of tritium from lithium ceramic breeders. These calculations suggest heterolytic adsorption of hydrogen onto the ceramic surface.