Grammatical profiles and the interaction of the lexicon with aspect, tense, and mood in Russian
Grammatical profiles and the interaction of the lexicon with aspect, tense, and mood in Russian
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俄语中的语法概况以及词典与体、时态和语气的相互作用
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发表时间：
2011
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通讯作者：
O. Lyashevskaya
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. Janda;O. Lyashevskaya
摘要本文提出了“语法侧貌”作为考察动词体行为的一种手段。语法特征是一个词的屈折形式在语料库中的相对频率分布。俄语动词的语法概况提供了两个关键问题的数据：a）完成体和未完成体动词之间的整体关系和B）识别动词的特点，体，时态和语气（TAM）与词汇类的各种交叉点。关于俄语体“对”是仅通过后缀形成的（伊萨琴科假说）还是通过后缀和前缀形成的（传统观点），存在着长期的争论。我们测试的Isacenko假设使用的语料库频率的动词的变形形式。我们发现，完成体和非完成体动词的行为是相同的，无论是由前缀或后缀标记的体貌关系，我们的发现因此支持了传统的观点。对俄语体的内省性描述经常将特定屈折形式的使用与体的某些使用联系起来;例如，使用祈使形式与未完成体来产生非常礼貌的表达。语法配置文件可以识别行为异常的动词，在范例的部分中呈现出异常大的使用比例。这种分析既提供了实质内容，并通过确定在某些TAM类别的相互作用最涉及的动词扩展以前的内省的描述。在方法论层面上，本研究有助于当前关于语料库研究中词形变化与词元使用的讨论。纽曼（Aiming low in linguistics：Low-level generalizations in corpus-based research：National Jiao Tung University，2008）在屈折形式的层面上发现了有价值的信息，而格里斯（即将出版）认为屈折形式不一定比引理提供更好的分析基础。我们同意他们的观点，即适当的粒度水平是由所分析的语言和语言现象决定的。
Abstract We propose the “grammatical profile” as a means of probing the aspectual behavior of verbs. A grammatical profile is the relative frequency distribution of the inflected forms of a word in a corpus. The grammatical profiles of Russian verbs provide data on two crucial issues: a) the overall relationship between perfective and imperfective verbs and b) the identification of verbs that characterize various intersections of aspect, tense and mood (TAM) with lexical classes. There is a long-standing debate over whether Russian aspectual “pairs” are formed only via suffixation (the Isacenko hypothesis) or whether they are formed via both suffixation and prefixation (the traditional view). We test the Isacenko hypothesis using data on the corpus frequency of inflected forms of verbs. We find that the behavior of perfective and imperfective verbs is the same regardless of whether the aspectual relationship is marked by prefixes or suffixes; our finding thus supports the traditional view. Introspective descriptions of Russian aspect have often connected the use of particular inflectional forms with certain uses of aspect; for example, the use of imperative forms with the imperfective aspect to produce expressions that are very polite. Grammatical profiles make it possible to identify verbs that behave as outliers, presenting unusually large proportions of usage in parts of the paradigm. This analysis both gives substance to and extends previous introspective descriptions by identifying the verbs most involved in certain TAM-category interactions. On a methodological level, this study contributes to current discussions on the use of inflected forms vs. lemmas in corpus studies. Newman (Aiming low in linguistics: Low-level generalizations in corpus-based research: National Chiao Tung University, 2008) finds valuable information at the level of the inflectional form, and Gries (forthcoming) argues that inflectional forms do not necessarily provide a better basis for analysis than lemmas. We agree with them that the appropriate level of granularity is determined by both the language and the linguistic phenomenon under analysis.