How many broad-leaved trees are enough in conifer plantations? The economy of land sharing, land sparing, and quantitative targets.
How many broad-leaved trees are enough in conifer plantations? The economy of land sharing, land sparing, and quantitative targets.
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针叶林种植园中多少棵阔叶树才足够？
DOI：
10.1111/1365-2664.12642
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yamaura;Y.;Shoji;Y.;Mitsuda;Y.;Utsugi;H.;Tsuge;T.;Kuriyama;K.;Nakamura;F.
为了使生物多样性保护成为一项有效且重要的社会投资，生物多样性保护的非市场价值及其相关的机会成本应以货币形式进行评估。本研究使用基于随机效用模型的选择实验（CE）测量了鸟类数量的支付意愿（WTP）。我们进行了成本效益分析，以确定最佳比例的阔叶树在针叶林的体积为基础，以最大限度地提高鸟类保护和木材生产的社会效益。结果表明，受访者的CE不满意他们的现状，并希望增加鸟类丰度。然而，估计的支付意愿表明鸟类保护的回报递减。优化分析表明，当鸟类数量与阔叶树比例呈凸函数关系时，阔叶树比例非零（0·02-0·22）的半天然人工林总是最优选择。当关系为线性时，最佳阔叶树比例范围为0 ~ 0·78，且受材性影响较大。当关系为凹时，只有两个最佳阔叶树比例：一个非常高的比例（约0.90）和最低可能的比例（0）。当凹凸关系接近线性形式时，在宽范围的阔叶树比例内和在关系之间都可以获得相当的效益。在这种情况下，为了取得成功，有必要提高节约土地或共享土地的可行土地利用战略的可能性。综合与应用。仅从生态角度来确定生物多样性养护的量化目标可能很困难，而且生物多样性养护的社会效益在许多情况下可能造成回报递减。我们提出的框架显示了如何协调资源生产和生物多样性保护在真实的世界。
For biodiversity conservation to be an effective and significant social investment, non‐marketed values of biodiversity conservation and its associated opportunity costs should be evaluated in monetary terms.In this study, we measured the willingness to pay (WTP) for bird abundance using a choice experiment (CE) based on the random utility model. We performed a cost–benefit analysis to identify the optimal proportion of broadleaved trees in conifer plantations on a volume basis to maximize the social benefits of bird conservation and wood production.The results suggested that respondents to the CE were not satisfied with their current situation and preferred an increase in bird abundance. However, the estimated WTP indicated diminishing returns of bird conservation. More specifically, WTP first greatly increased before gradually experiencing decreasing marginal values, reaching its peak and finally decreasing slightly with increasing bird abundance.Optimization analyses indicated that when the relationship between bird abundance and broadleaved tree proportion was convex, semi‐natural plantations with nonzero broadleaved tree proportion (0·02–0·22) were always optimal options. When the relationship was linear, optimal broadleaved tree proportion ranged from 0 to 0·78 and was greatly affected by wood values. When the relationship was concave, there were only two optimal broadleaved tree proportions: a very high proportion (approximately 0·90) and the lowest possible proportion (0). When the convex and concave relationships approached the linear form, comparable benefits could be attained across broad ranges of broadleaved tree proportion both within and across the relationships. In such cases, it would be useful to increase the likelihood of a feasible land‐use strategy of either land sparing or land sharing in order to be successful.Synthesis and applications. It can be difficult to set quantitative targets in biodiversity conservation solely on an ecological basis, and social benefits of biodiversity conservation can create diminishing returns in many situations. The framework we propose shows how to reconcile resource production and biodiversity conservation in the real world.