Effect of urbanization and parasitism on the gut microbiota of Darwin's finch nestlings
Effect of urbanization and parasitism on the gut microbiota of Darwin's finch nestlings
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DOI：
10.1111/mec.17164
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发表时间：
2023-10
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
G. Solomon;Ashley B. Love;G. Vaziri;Johanna A. Harvey;Taylor B. Verrett;Kiley Chernicky;Shelby R. Simons;L. Albert;Jaime A. Chaves;Sarah A. Knutie
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作者：
G. Solomon;Ashley B. Love;G. Vaziri;Johanna A. Harvey;Taylor B. Verrett;Kiley Chernicky;Shelby R. Simons;L. Albert;Jaime A. Chaves;Sarah A. Knutie
宿主相关微生物群可能受到与环境变化相关的因素的影响，例如城市化和入侵物种。例如，城市地区经常影响动物的食物供应，这可能会改变它们的肠道微生物群。侵入性寄生虫也可以通过竞争或间接通过宿主免疫反应的变化来影响微生物群。这些相互作用的因素可以对宿主适应性产生复杂的影响，但很少有研究解开城市化和寄生虫对生物肠道微生物群之间的关系。为了解决这一知识差距，我们调查了城市化和寄生的影响，由入侵的鸟类吸血蝇（Philornis downsi）对肠道微生物群的雏鸟小地雀（Geospiza fuliginosa）在圣克里斯托瓦尔岛，加拉帕戈斯。我们进行了一项析因研究，在该研究中，我们实验性地操纵了城市和非城市地区的寄生虫存在。然后从雏鸟中收集粪便以表征肠道微生物群（即细菌多样性和群落组成）。虽然我们没有发现城市化和寄生虫对微生物群的交互作用，但我们确实发现了每个变量的主要影响。我们发现，城市雏鸟有较低的细菌多样性和不同的相对丰度的类群相比，nonurban雏鸟，这可能是介导的引入微生物群的食物项目或宿主生理的变化。此外，寄生雏鸟有较低的细菌丰富度比nonparasitized雏鸟，这可能是介导的免疫系统的变化。总的来说，这项研究推进了我们对人为压力对鸟类肠道微生物群的复杂影响的理解。
Host‐associated microbiota can be affected by factors related to environmental change, such as urbanization and invasive species. For example, urban areas often affect food availability for animals, which can change their gut microbiota. Invasive parasites can also influence microbiota through competition or indirectly through a change in the host immune response. These interacting factors can have complex effects on host fitness, but few studies have disentangled the relationship between urbanization and parasitism on an organism's gut microbiota. To address this gap in knowledge, we investigated the effects of urbanization and parasitism by the invasive avian vampire fly (Philornis downsi) on the gut microbiota of nestling small ground finches (Geospiza fuliginosa) on San Cristóbal Island, Galápagos. We conducted a factorial study in which we experimentally manipulated parasite presence in an urban and nonurban area. Faeces were then collected from nestlings to characterize the gut microbiota (i.e. bacterial diversity and community composition). Although we did not find an interactive effect of urbanization and parasitism on the microbiota, we did find main effects of each variable. We found that urban nestlings had lower bacterial diversity and different relative abundances of taxa compared to nonurban nestlings, which could be mediated by introduction of the microbiota of the food items or changes in host physiology. Additionally, parasitized nestlings had lower bacterial richness than nonparasitized nestlings, which could be mediated by a change in the immune system. Overall, this study advances our understanding of the complex effects of anthropogenic stressors on the gut microbiota of birds.