Turning 1 Year of Age in a Low Socioeconomic Environment: A Portrait of Disadvantage.
Turning 1 Year of Age in a Low Socioeconomic Environment: A Portrait of Disadvantage.
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DOI：
10.1097/dbp.0000000000000469
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发表时间：
2017-09
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Betancourt LM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hurt H;Betancourt LM
今天，在美国，有1600万儿童在贫困中成长。很少有研究报告与出生后第一年的贫困有关的多种环境因素及其对婴儿发育的影响。评估低和高社会经济地位（SES）婴儿从出生到1岁的母亲，家庭和邻里环境;评估SES和环境对1岁婴儿发育结局的影响。低（n=30）和高SES（n=30）的非洲裔美国母亲和他们的健康足月妊娠女婴的环境特征和婴儿发育结果进行了前瞻性比较。环境-产妇：韦氏成人智力量表（WAIS-IV）;贝克抑郁量表（BDI-II）;知觉压力量表（PSS）;父母压力指数（PSI-4）;社会支持量表（SSS）;家庭：家庭环境观察测量（HOME）;家庭食物不安全（HFI）;邻里：集中邻里劣势（CND）。婴儿结局-贝利婴儿发育量表第三版（BSID-III）;学龄前语言量表（PLS-5）。低SES组的环境风险高于高SES组：WAIS-IV较低（p< 0.001）; PSI-4总分较高（p=0.003）; HOME总分和3个分量表较低（p<0.002）; HFI较高（p=0.012）; CND较高（p=0.027）。低SES婴儿结局与高SES婴儿结局不同：BSID-III认知综合评分（p=0.005）、PLS-5总语言评分（p ≤ 0.017）和听觉理解评分（p ≤ 0.008）较低。在回归分析中，在控制了SES后，没有发现环境因素的影响。到一岁时，低SES婴儿已经暴露在更大的环境不利因素中，并且已经表现出比高SES婴儿更差的发育功能。这些发现表明，对贫困家庭和儿童的支持不能开始太早。
In the United States today, 16 million children are growing up poor. Few studies report multiple environmental factors associated with poverty during the first year of life and effects on infant development. To evaluate maternal, home, and neighborhood environment of Low and Higher Socioeconomic Status (SES) infants from birth to 1 year; to evaluate impact of SES and environment on infant developmental outcome at 1 year. Low (n=30) and Higher SES (n=30) African American mothers and their healthy term gestation female infants were prospectively compared for environmental characteristics and infant developmental outcome. Environment-Maternal: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV (WAIS-IV); Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II); Perceived Stress Scale (PSS); Parenting Stress Index (PSI-4); Social Support Scale (SSS); Home: Home Observation Measurement of the Environment (HOME); Household Food Insecurity (HFI); Neighborhood: Concentrated Neighborhood Disadvantage (CND). Infant Outcome-Bayley Scales of Infant Development Third Edition (BSID-III); Preschool Language Scale (PLS-5). Environmental risk was greater for Low compared to Higher SES: lower WAIS-IV (p< 0.001); higher PSI-4 Total (p=0.003); lower HOME Total and 3 subscales (p<0.002); higher HFI (p=0.012); and higher CND (p=0.027). Low SES infant outcomes differed from Higher SES: lower BSID-III Cognitive Composite (p=0.005), PLS-5 Total Language (p ≤ 0.017), and Auditory Comprehension (p ≤ 0.008). In regressions, after controlling for SES, effects of environmental factors were not found. By age one, Low SES infants had been exposed to greater environmental disadvantage, and already exhibited poorer developmental functioning than Higher SES infants. These findings suggest support for families and children from impoverished circumstances cannot begin too early.