Beyond habitat requirements: individual fine-scale site fidelity in a colony of the Galapagos sea lion (Zalophus wollebaeki) creates conditions for social structuring
Beyond habitat requirements: individual fine-scale site fidelity in a colony of the Galapagos sea lion (Zalophus wollebaeki) creates conditions for social structuring
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超越栖息地要求：加拉帕戈斯海狮 (Zalophus wollebaeki) 群体中个体精细尺度的遗址保真度为社会结构创造了条件
作者：
J. Wolf;F. Trillmich
网站保真度已被广泛讨论，但很少明确涉及到一个物种的社会背景。这是令人惊讶的，因为精细规模的网站保真度构成了一个重要的结构组成部分，在动物社会中，通过设置限制个人的社会互动空间。细尺度的网站保真度的研究是复杂的事实，它是不可避免地联系在一起的栖息地使用模式。在这里，我们的文件精细规模的网站保真度在加拉帕戈斯海狮（Zalophus wollebaeki）努力解开这两个方面的空间行为。无论性别和年龄，所有的人都使用小，有凝聚力的家庭范围，这是稳定的大小在整个生殖和非生殖季节。家庭范围显示了一个大的个人组成部分，并没有主要反映年龄或性别特定的栖息地要求。场地的特殊性可以显示为几米的分辨率。长期的网站保真度表示的家域持久性超过3年，网站保真度的程度不受栖息地，但表现出季节性差异：它是生殖和非生殖期比生殖季节之间较低。我们进一步研究了静态和社会的母子对，构成了大多数哺乳动物社会的中央社会单位的相互作用。无论占用的栖息地类型，成年女性的后代有较小的家庭范围的大小比非繁殖女性，表现出的重要性，空间可预测性的母亲-后代对，经常有团聚后，女性的觅食逗留。虽然断奶后，两性与母亲的社会互动下降到零，静态互动分析表明，女性偏向家庭范围遗传。扩散的决定显然不是基于栖息地的质量，但由后代的性别。我们讨论了所观察到的细尺度网站保真度模式的栖息地利用，分散决策和社会结构的殖民繁殖鳍足类的影响。
Site fidelity has been widely discussed, but rarely been related explicitly to a species’ social context. This is surprising, as fine-scale site fidelity constitutes an important structural component in animal societies by setting limits to an individual’s social interaction space. The study of fine-scale site fidelity is complicated by the fact that it is inextricably linked to patterns of habitat use. We here document fine-scale site fidelity in the Galapagos sea lion (Zalophus wollebaeki) striving to disentangle these two aspects of spatial behaviour. Regardless of sex and age, all individuals used small, cohesive home ranges, which were stable in size across the reproductive and non-reproductive season. Home ranges showed a large individual component and did not primarily reflect age- or sex-specific habitat requirements. Site specificity could be illustrated up to a resolution of several metres. Long-term site fidelity was indicated by home range persistence over 3 years and the degree of site fidelity was unaffected by habitat, but showed seasonal differences: it was lower between reproductive and non-reproductive periods than between reproductive seasons. We further examined static and social interaction within mother–offspring pairs, which constitute a central social unit in most mammalian societies. Regardless of the occupied habitat type, adult females with offspring had smaller home range sizes than non-breeding females, demonstrating the importance of spatial predictability for mother–offspring pairs that recurrently have to reunite after females’ foraging sojourns. While social interaction with the mother dropped to naught in both sexes after weaning, analysis of static interaction suggested female-biased home range inheritance. Dispersal decisions were apparently not based on habitat quality, but determined by the offspring’s sex. We discuss the implication of observed fine-scale site fidelity patterns on habitat use, dispersal decisions and social structure in colonial breeding pinnipeds.