Local production of pharmaceuticals in Africa and access to essential medicines: 'urban bias' in access to imported medicines in Tanzania and its policy implications.
Local production of pharmaceuticals in Africa and access to essential medicines: 'urban bias' in access to imported medicines in Tanzania and its policy implications.
复制标题
非洲的当地制药生产并获得基本药物：坦桑尼亚进口药物的“城市偏见”及其政策影响。
DOI：
10.1186/1744-8603-10-12
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发表时间：
2014-03-10
影响因子：
10.8
通讯作者：
Wuyts M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mujinja PG;Mackintosh M;Justin-Temu M;Wuyts M
直到最近，关于非洲获得基本药品的国际政策一直侧重于国际采购大量药品，主要是从印度制造商采购，以及进口和分销。这种强调现在正受到挑战，因为政策上对当地药品生产和供应的潜在利益重新产生兴趣。然而，缺乏证据证明当地生产的药品在非洲市场上的作用，以及当地生产对药品获取的潜在好处。这篇文章有助于填补这一空白。本文使用了2006年和2009年坦桑尼亚世卫组织/HAI关于一组示踪基本药物的价格和来源的数据。它采用创新的图形分析方法以及传统的统计测试。坦桑尼亚生产的药品在农村和城市地区同样可能被发现。进口药品，特别是从肯尼亚以外的国家进口的药品（主要是从印度进口的药品）显示出“城市偏向”：即城市地区比农村地区更有可能获得这些药品。这一发现适用于所研究的各种样本药物，不能仅用价格差异来解释。虽然不同的基本药品私营分销网络可能是部分原因，但这不能解释为什么在公共部门也发现城市在进口药品供应方面存在偏向。研究结果表明，加强当地生产可能会改善农村获得药物的机会。当地生产的潜在利益及其改进的范围是进一步研究的一个重要领域，并表明经济发展和保健目标可能相互加强的一个关键政策领域。
International policy towards access to essential medicines in Africa has focused until recently on international procurement of large volumes of medicines, mainly from Indian manufacturers, and their import and distribution. This emphasis is now being challenged by renewed policy interest in the potential benefits of local pharmaceutical production and supply. However, there is a shortage of evidence on the role of locally produced medicines in African markets, and on potential benefits of local production for access to medicines. This article contributes to filling that gap. This article uses WHO/HAI data from Tanzania for 2006 and 2009 on prices and sources of a set of tracer essential medicines. It employs innovative graphical methods of analysis alongside conventional statistical testing. Medicines produced in Tanzania were equally likely to be found in rural and in urban areas. Imported medicines, especially those imported from countries other than Kenya (mainly from India) displayed 'urban bias’: that is, they were significantly more likely to be available in urban than in rural areas. This finding holds across the range of sample medicines studied, and cannot be explained by price differences alone. While different private distribution networks for essential medicines may provide part of the explanation, this cannot explain why the urban bias in availability of imported medicines is also found in the public sector. The findings suggest that enhanced local production may improve rural access to medicines. The potential benefits of local production and scope for their improvement are an important field for further research, and indicate a key policy area in which economic development and health care objectives may reinforce each other.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Chien, Colleen V.
通讯作者：
Chien, Colleen V.
影响因子：
168.9
作者：
Ravishankar, Nirmala;Gubbins, Paul;Murray, Christopher J. L.
通讯作者：
Murray, Christopher J. L.
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
1.3
作者：
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通讯作者：
Corbridge, Stuart
影响因子：
1.6
作者：
Mackintosh, Maureen;Mujinja, Phares G. M.
通讯作者：
Mujinja, Phares G. M.