Stereoselective biodegradation of amphetamine and methamphetamine in river microcosms
Stereoselective biodegradation of amphetamine and methamphetamine in river microcosms
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DOI：
10.1016/j.watres.2013.06.057
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发表时间：
2013-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
12.8
通讯作者：
Kasprzyk-Hordern, Barbara
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bagnall, John;Malia, Louis;Kasprzyk-Hordern, Barbara
这里首次介绍了河流微观生物反应器中苯丙胺和甲基苯丙胺的对映选择性生物降解。这项研究的目的是检验这样一个假设：控制环境中苯丙胺和甲基苯丙胺的命运的机制本质上主要是立体选择性和生物性的。在 15 天的时间内对几个生物反应器进行了研究：(i) 在生物和非生物条件下，(ii) 在黑暗或暴露于光线下，以及 (iii) 在存在或不存在悬浮颗粒物质的情况下。使用 SPE-手性-LC-(QTOF) MS 方法分析生物反应器样品。这项研究阐明了苯丙胺和甲基苯丙胺降解的基本机制，主要是生物来源的。此外，立体选择性和对映体分数（EF）的变化仅在生物条件下观察到。安非他明和甲基安非他明似乎都没有表现出对悬浮颗粒物的吸附作用。我们的实验还证明苯丙胺和甲基苯丙胺具有光稳定性。非法药物以低浓度存在于环境中，但由于其假持久性和非外消旋行为，两种对映体显示出显着不同的效力（以及对水生生物的潜在不同毒性），因此不应低估或高估非法药物在环境中造成的风险。上述结果表明需要重新评估环境风险评估中使用的程序，目前尚未认识到药理活性化合物中手性现象的重要性。 (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
Here presented for the first time is the enantioselective biodegradation of amphetamine and methamphetamine in river microcosm bioreactors. The aim of this investigation was to test the hypothesis that mechanisms governing the fate of amphetamine and methamphetamine in the environment are mostly stereoselective and biological in nature. Several bioreactors were studied over the duration of 15 days (i) in both biotic and abiotic conditions, (ii) in the dark or exposed to light and (iii) in the presence or absence of suspended particulate matter. Bioreactor samples were analysed using SPE-chiral-LC-(QTOF) MS methodology. This investigation has elucidated the fundamental mechanism for degradation of amphetamine and methamphetamine as being predominantly biological in origin. Furthermore, stereoselectivity and changes in enantiomeric fraction (EF) were only observed under biotic conditions. Neither amphetamine nor methamphetamine appeared to demonstrate adsorption to suspended particulate matter. Our experiments also demonstrated that amphetamine and methamphetamine were photo-stable. Illicit drugs are present in the environment at low concentrations but due to their pseudo-persistence and non-racemic behaviour, with two enantiomers revealing significantly different potency (and potentially different toxicity towards aquatic organisms) the risk posed by illicit drugs in the environment should not be under- or over-estimated. The above results demonstrate the need for re-evaluation of the procedures utilised in environmental risk assessment, which currently do not recognise the importance of the phenomenon of chirality in pharmacologically active compounds. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.