Functional circuits and signal processing in the enteric nervous system.

Functional circuits and signal processing in the enteric nervous system.
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DOI:
10.1007/s00018-020-03543-6
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发表时间:
2020-11
期刊:
Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Vanden Berghe P
Vanden Berghe P
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Fung C;Vanden Berghe P

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肠神经系统(ENS)是包含在胃肠道壁内的数百万个神经元和神经胶质细胞的广泛网络。ENS的主要功能已被研究得最多,包括局部肠道运动,分泌和血流的调节。其他受到越来越多关注的领域包括其与免疫系统的相互作用,与肠道微生物群的相互作用及其参与肠-脑轴以及神经-上皮相互作用。因此,肠回路在肠内稳态中起着核心作用,并且当其布线中存在故障时,例如在神经发育或神经退行性疾病中,这变得特别明显。在这篇综述中,我们首先集中在目前的知识对肠道电路的细胞组成。然后,我们进一步讨论肠道回路如何检测和处理外部信息,这些信号如何被生理和病理生理因素调制,最后,如何为集成肠道功能产生输出。
The enteric nervous system (ENS) is an extensive network comprising millions of neurons and glial cells contained within the wall of the gastrointestinal tract. The major functions of the ENS that have been most studied include the regulation of local gut motility, secretion, and blood flow. Other areas that have been gaining increased attention include its interaction with the immune system, with the gut microbiota and its involvement in the gut–brain axis, and neuro-epithelial interactions. Thus, the enteric circuitry plays a central role in intestinal homeostasis, and this becomes particularly evident when there are faults in its wiring such as in neurodevelopmental or neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we first focus on the current knowledge on the cellular composition of enteric circuits. We then further discuss how enteric circuits detect and process external information, how these signals may be modulated by physiological and pathophysiological factors, and finally, how outputs are generated for integrated gut function.
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