A novel ball milling technique for room temperature processing of TiO2 nanoparticles employed as the electron transport layer in perovskite solar cells and modules
A novel ball milling technique for room temperature processing of TiO2 nanoparticles employed as the electron transport layer in perovskite solar cells and modules
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DOI：
10.1039/c8ta00303c
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发表时间：
2018-04
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Mriganka Singh;Chien‐Hung Chiang;K. Boopathi;Chintam Hanmandlu;Gang Li;Chun‐Guey Wu;Hong‐Cheu Lin;C. Chu
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文献类型：
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作者：
Mriganka Singh;Chien‐Hung Chiang;K. Boopathi;Chintam Hanmandlu;Gang Li;Chun‐Guey Wu;Hong‐Cheu Lin;C. Chu
锐钛矿型二氧化钛(An-Ti02)因其优异的半导体特性、优异的光学透过率和合适的能带结构，常被用作平面-异质结钙钛矿太阳能电池的电子传输材料。在这里，我们报道了一种在室温(RT∼30°C)下大规模生产TiO2ETM的廉价方法，包括研磨大块的AN-TiO2团块以形成纳米二氧化钛(NPs)在异丙醇中的悬浮液，用于介观超结构PSCs。这个过程不涉及任何化学合成；它是一个纯粹的物理过程。用紫外光电子能谱(UPS)估算出粉末状An-TiO2NPs的最低空位分子轨道(LUMO)约为4.06 eV，这是活性层的一个显著特征。一种基于CH3NH3PbI3吸收体和研磨的AN-TiO2ETL的规则钙钛矿型太阳能电池(PSC)表现出17.43%的峰值功率转换效率(PCE)和0.1cm2的激活面积。用相同的研磨方法制备了大面积(指定面积为25.2 cm~2)的纳米An-TiO2PSC，获得了14.19%的相变效率。结合了研磨的AN-TiO2NP ETL的PSC器件表现出了诱人的长期器件稳定性，80天后PCE保持了大约85%的初始值。
Anatase titanium dioxide (an-TiO2) is often used as the electron transporting material (ETM) in planar-heterojunction perovskite solar cells (PSCs) because of its excellent semiconductor characteristics, outstanding optical transmittance, and suitable band structure. Herein, we report an inexpensive method for mass-scale production of TiO2 ETMs at room temperature (RT ∼ 30 °C), involving the grinding of large clumps of an-TiO2 to form a suspension of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) in isopropyl alcohol for meso-superstructured PSCs. This process does not involve any chemical synthesis; it is a purely physical process. The lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of ground an-TiO2 NPs, estimated using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), was ca. 4.06 eV, which is a salient feature for the active layer. A regular perovskite solar cell (PSC) based on a CH3NH3PbI3 absorber and ground an-TiO2 ETL exhibited a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.43% with an active area of 0.1 cm2. The same ground an-TiO2 NPs were used to fabricate a large-area (designated area: 25.2 cm2) PSC and a PCE of 14.19% was achieved. PSC devices incorporating the ground an-TiO2 NP ETLs exhibited an attractive long-term device stability, with the PCE retaining approximately 85% of the initial values after 80 days.