Assessing and optimizing the effectiveness of protected areas along China's coastal region: A social-ecological protected area network study.
Assessing and optimizing the effectiveness of protected areas along China's coastal region: A social-ecological protected area network study.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119338
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发表时间：
2023-11
影响因子：
8.7
通讯作者：
Ye Zhao;Wenqi Qian;Xinyu Liu;Chao Wu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ye Zhao;Wenqi Qian;Xinyu Liu;Chao Wu
保护区的有效性(EPA)评估被用来衡量现有保护区(PA)的有效性，并确定优先和低效的保护区。然而，目前环境保护局的评估仍然不完整，主要原因是评估规模只侧重于孤立的保护区，而没有考虑网络连接，或者在实践中很难平衡社会和生态协同效应。为了解决这一问题，我们提出了一种社会-生态连通性路径，以最大限度地评价和优化沿海地区的EPA：首先，我们选择了社会和生态指标进行栖息地适宜性评价，并模拟了保护区网络(PAN)；其次，我们评估了网络连通性的合理性；最终，我们确定了2020年后全球生物多样性目标的保护差距。考虑到滨海生态系统的复杂性，本文选取了山东半岛四个沿海城市中国作为案例研究。我们发现：(1)社会生态PAN由370个初级廊道和110个次级廊道组成；在识别的PAN中有12个跨生态系统类型，其中3个跨越海洋-陆地生态系统，其余9个跨越陆地内部生态系统；(2)66个节点被确定为空间缺口；效益差距表明51.75%的保护区得到了有效的保护，但48.25%得到了适当的保护；在数量缺口方面，海洋保护区缺口(25.41%)远远大于陆地保护区缺口(15.80%)，这表明海洋保护区可能处于适当的优先地位。我们的研究表明，沿海地区的环保局目前薄弱，迫切需要改善。因此，我们提出了优化EPA的措施，并建议将其潜在地应用于复杂和脆弱沿海地区的其他PA。
Effectiveness of protected areas (EPA) evaluation has been used to measure the effectiveness of existing protected areas (PAs) and to identify prioritized and inefficient PAs. However, the current EPA evaluation remains incomplete, primarily due either to the scale of evaluation focusing on only isolated PAs without considering network connectivity or to the difficulty of balancing social and ecological synergy in practice. To address this issue, we proposed a social-ecological connectivity pathway to maximize the evaluation and optimization of EPA in a coastal region: first, we selected social and ecological indicators for habitat suitability evaluation and simulated the protected area network (PAN); second, we evaluated the rationality of network connectivity; and ultimately, we identified conservation gaps to the post-2020 global biodiversity target. Considering the complexity of coastal ecosystems, we selected the four coastal cities of the Shandong Peninsula, China as a case study. We find that (1) the social-ecological PAN consists of 370 primary corridors and 110 secondary corridors; there are 12 cross-ecosystem types in the identified PANs, three of which span marine to terrestrial ecosystems, while the remaining nine span terrestrial interior ecosystems; (2) 66 nodes were identified as spatial gaps; the benefit gap indicated that 51.75% of PAs were inefficiently protected but 48.25% were appropriately protected; regarding quantity gap, the marine PAs gap (25.41%) is much larger than the terrestrial PAs gap (15.80%), suggesting a possible priority in the marine PAs appropriately. Our study reveals that the EPA in the coastal region is currently weak and urgently needs to improve. Thus, we propose measures to optimize the EPA and suggest its potential application to other PAs in complex and vulnerable coastal regions.