Balancing conservation and welfare in ex situ management of the extinct in the wild sihek: sex- and age-specific causes of mortality and contributions to population growth rate
Balancing conservation and welfare in ex situ management of the extinct in the wild sihek: sex- and age-specific causes of mortality and contributions to population growth rate
复制标题
野生 sihek 物种迁地管理中保护与福利的平衡：特定性别和年龄的死亡原因以及对人口增长率的贡献
DOI：
10.1111/acv.12895
复制
发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Trask A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Trask A
迁地受威胁物种管理既有保护目标，也有福利目标，这些目标往往是一致的，但也可能是不同的。达成一致的领域可以为实现福利和保护目标带来双赢，而确定分歧的领域对于确保管理战略在目标之间实现平衡非常重要。我们通过量化死亡率，确定性别和年龄特异性死亡原因并确定相关福利领域，以及量化生殖价值的性别和年龄特异性差异以及对人口增长率变化的贡献，研究了野生sihek（关岛翠鸟，Todiramphus cinnamominus）迁地种群的福利和保护目标。女性的死亡率明显高于男性，这可能会影响人口的生存能力，并表明女性可能比男性更容易受到福利下降的影响。因此，减少女性死亡的原因将为福利和保护目标带来明显的双赢。发现死亡原因和对λ变化的贡献在性别和年龄组之间存在差异。特别是，营养和代谢疾病倾向于影响较年轻的年龄组，这些年龄组对λ的变化有很大的贡献。因此，减轻这些疾病也可以为福利和保护目标带来双赢。然而，我们也发现了目标之间的潜在差异：女性死亡的主要原因是生殖疾病，主要影响老年女性，但老年女性对λ的变化贡献很小，生殖价值低。因此，制定生殖疾病的缓解策略可以帮助福利目标，但对保护目标没有什么好处，这表明需要在目标之间进行仔细的平衡。我们的研究结果强调，需要明确考虑保护和福利目标，在受威胁物种管理，特别是在越来越多的保护需要迁地人口管理的背景下，再加上越来越多的社会关注动物福利。
Ex situ threatened species management has both conservation and welfare objectives and these objectives often align, but can diverge. Areas of agreement can present win‐wins for achieving welfare and conservation objectives, while identifying areas of divergence is important to ensure management strategies achieve balance across objectives. We examined welfare and conservation objectives in the ex situ population of Extinct in the Wild sihek (Guam kingfisher,Todiramphus cinnamominus) by quantifying mortality rates, determining sex‐ and age‐specific causes of mortality and identifying associated welfare domains, as well as quantifying sex‐ and age‐specific differences in reproductive value and contributions to variation in population growth rate (λ). Females had significantly higher mortality rates than males, potentially impacting population viability and suggesting females may be more vulnerable to experiencing lower welfare than males. Mitigating causes of female mortality would therefore present a clear win‐win for both welfare and conservation objectives. Both causes of mortality and contributions to variation inλwere found to differ across sex‐ and age‐classes. In particular, nutritional and metabolic diseases tended to impact younger age‐classes and these age‐classes had large contributions to variation inλ. Mitigation of these diseases could therefore also present a win‐win for welfare and conservation objectives. However, we also identified a potential divergence between objectives: a major cause of female mortality was reproductive disease with older aged females primarily affected, but older aged females contributed little to variation inλand had low reproductive value. Developing mitigation strategies for reproductive disease could therefore aid welfare objectives but have little benefit for conservation objectives, suggesting careful balancing across objectives is required. Our results highlight the need to explicitly consider conservation and welfare objectives in threatened species management, in particular in the context of an increasing conservation need for ex situ population management, coupled with increasing social concern for animal welfare.