The effects of individual differences and task difficulty on inattentional blindness
The effects of individual differences and task difficulty on inattentional blindness
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DOI：
10.3758/pbr.16.2.398
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发表时间：
2009-04-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Jensen, Melinda S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Simons, Daniel J.;Jensen, Melinda S.
大多数关于无意视盲的研究都集中在一个关键的试验上，即当注意力集中在其他地方时，没有注意到一个意想不到的物体。对于该试验，注意到意外物体可能是随机变异的结果，因此任何给定的个体注意到意外物体的可能性都是相同的。另一方面，执行主要任务的能力的个体差异可能使一些人比其他人更容易注意到。增加主要任务的难度已经被证明可以降低短暂静态显示（Cartwright-Finch & Lavie，2007）和动态监控任务（Simons & Chabris，1999）的注意率。然而，这些研究并没有探讨个体注意力的差异是否源于执行主要任务的能力差异。对于我们的实验1，我们使用了一个楼梯的程序来等同于在一个动态的无意视盲任务的主要任务的性能，并发现，主要任务的要求影响注意率时，个体差异的准确性最小化。在实验2中，我们发现，个体差异的主要任务的表现并没有预测注意到一个意想不到的对象。总之，这些研究结果表明，虽然主要任务的要求确实会影响无意视盲率，但满足这些要求的能力的个体差异不会。
Most studies of inattentional blindness-the failure to notice an unexpected object when attention is focused elsewhere-have focused on one critical trial. For that trial, noticing the unexpected object might be a result of random variability, so that any given individual would be equally likely to notice the unexpected object. On the other hand, individual differences in the ability to perform the primary task might make noticing more likely for some individuals than for others. Increasing the difficulty of the primary task has been shown to decrease noticing rates for both brief static displays (Cartwright-Finch & Lavie, 2007) and dynamic monitoring tasks (Simons & Chabris, 1999). However, those studies did not explore whether individual differences in noticing arise from differences in the ability to perform the primary task. For our Experiment 1, we used a staircase procedure to equate primary task performance across individuals in a dynamic inattentional blindness task and found that the demands of the primary task affected noticing rates when individual differences in accuracy were minimized. In Experiment 2, we found that individual differences in primary task performance did not predict noticing of an unexpected object. Together, these findings suggest that although the demands of the primary task do affect inattentional blindness rates, individual differences in the ability to meet those demands do not.