Neuromythology of Manganism.
Neuromythology of Manganism.
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DOI：
10.1007/s40471-015-0040-x
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发表时间：
2015-06
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Racette AB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Andruska KM;Racette AB
锰是一种重要的微量元素，在世纪中期首次被描述为具有高水平的神经毒性。职业和环境接触的最大来源是采矿、化石燃料燃烧和钢铁工业。锰的神经毒性已被描述在许多工人与高水平的职业锰暴露，并可导致一个独特的神经表型称为锰中毒。最近，我们对锰中毒的临床症状和病理生理学的理解发生了变化。现代锰暴露，这是一个数量级低于以前描述的锰中毒的情况下，导致不同的临床，影像学和病理表型。在这里，我们将审查三个神经学“神话”锰中毒在21世纪，并将提供证据表明，锰与帕金森氏症的临床综合征，类似帕金森病，多巴胺能功能障碍的分子成像，和炎症性神经病理学纹状体。
Manganese is an essential trace element with neurotoxicant properties at high levels that were first described in the mid-nineteenth century. The largest sources of occupational and environmental exposures are mining, fossil fuel combustion, and iron and steel industries. Manganese neurotoxicity has been described in many workers with high levels of occupational manganese exposure and can cause a distinct neurologic phenotype known as manganism. Recently, our understanding of the clinical syndrome and pathophysiology of manganese toxicity has shifted. Modern day manganese exposures, which are an order of magnitude lower than previously described in cases of manganism, result in different clinical, imaging, and pathologic phenotypes. Here we will review three neurologic “myths” of manganism in the twenty-first century and will provide evidence that Mn is associated with a clinical syndrome of parkinsonism that resembles Parkinson disease, dopaminergic dysfunction on molecular imaging, and an inflammatory neuropathology in the striatum.