Disclosure of traumas and immune function: health implications for psychotherapy.
Disclosure of traumas and immune function: health implications for psychotherapy.
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DOI：
10.1037//0022-006x.56.2.239
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发表时间：
1988-04
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
J. Pennebaker;J. Kiecolt-Glaser;R. Glaser
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Pennebaker;J. Kiecolt-Glaser;R. Glaser
心理治疗能减少健康问题的发生吗？身心学的一般模型认为，抑制或抑制一个人的思想、感情和行为与长期的压力和疾病有关。积极面对令人沮丧的经历——通过写作或谈话——被认为可以减少抑制的负面影响。50名健康的大学生被要求连续4天写下创伤经历或肤浅的话题。细胞免疫系统功能和健康中心访问的两项测量表明，面对创伤经历对身体有益。讨论了心理治疗作为健康问题预防性治疗的意义。毫无疑问，心理治疗减少了主观痛苦，产生了积极的行为结果。近年来，一小群研究人员试图了解心理治疗是否也能减少健康问题。两项有希望的审查表明，使用精神卫生服务与较少的医疗访问、较少的住院天数和较低的总体医疗费用有关。Mumford， Schlesinger和Glass（1981）总结了1965年至1980年间发表的15项研究，发现接受心理治疗的个体与未接受心理治疗的对照组相比，医疗利用率降低了13%。同样，Jones和Vischi（1980）在回顾了13项引入组织的心理健康服务研究后发现，心理治疗与医疗使用率下降20%有关。
Can psychotherapy reduce the incidence of health problems? A general model of psychosomatics assumes that inhibiting or holding back one's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors is associated with long-term stress and disease. Actively confronting upsetting experiences--through writing or talking-is hypothesized to reduce the negative effects of inhibition. Fifty healthy undergraduates were assigned to write about either traumatic experiences or superficial topics for 4 consecutive days. Two measures of cellular immune-system function and health center visits suggested that confronting traumatic experiences was physically beneficial. The implications for psychotherapy as a preventive treatment for health problems are discussed. There is little doubt that psychotherapy reduces subjective distress and yields positive behavioral outcomes. In recent years, a small group of researchers has sought to learn whether psychotherapy can also reduce health problems. Two promising reviews have indicated that the use of mental health services is associated with fewer medical visits, fewer days of hospitalization, and lower overall medical costs. In a summary of 15 studies published between 1965 and 1980, Mumford, Schlesinger, and Glass (1981) found that individuals who underwent psychotherapy evidenced a 13% decrease in medical utilization relative to nonpsychotherapy control subjects. Similarly, in a review of 13 studies of mental health services that were introduced into organizations, Jones and Vischi (1980) found that psychotherapy was associated with a 20% drop in medical utilization.