Extracellular matrix proteins in the gastrointestinal tract: more than a supporting role.
Extracellular matrix proteins in the gastrointestinal tract: more than a supporting role.
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胃肠道中的细胞外基质蛋白：不仅仅是辅助作用。
DOI：
10.1113/jp276661
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Browning,KirsteenN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Browning,KirsteenN
在哺乳动物中，细胞外基质 (ECM) 糖蛋白的腱蛋白家族包括四个亚组（TNC；腱蛋白 C，以前称为“细胞趋化素”）腱蛋白 R（TNR；“限制素”）、腱蛋白 X（TNX；“flexilin”）和腱蛋白 W（TNW，也称为腱蛋白 N；（Bristow 等人，2005 年； 瓦尔考特等人。 2015）。所有家族都具有共同的总体结构，但发育和成年期间表达模式的差异表明，这些家庭成员中的每一个成员的功能都存在生理差异，甚至可能是病理生理差异。然而，一般来说，ECM 糖蛋白发挥着关键的结构和结构作用，如功能丧失突变引起的结缔组织疾病所示，包括 Ehlers-Danlos 综合征 (EDS)，与 TNX 丢失有关。事实上，TNX 缺乏现在被认为是广泛性关节活动过度障碍 EDS 谱系中的一个独特亚组（类似经典 EDS）（Bristow 等，2005）。在最新一期的《生理学杂志》中，Aktar 等人 (2018) 报告了一项新颖且令人兴奋的发现，TNX 还 在人类和小鼠胃肠道 (GI) 内的特定神经元群体中表达，表明 ECM 糖蛋白在控制和调节肠道功能方面具有潜在的新的、未被发现的作用。自最初发现 TNX 作为与胶原纤维相关的糖蛋白以来，近三十年来，TNX 现在已知还发挥着额外的作用，即调节细胞粘附的基质细胞蛋白和调节细胞粘附的基质细胞蛋白。 信号通路调节剂（Valcourt et al. 2015）。 TNX mRNA 在胚胎发育晚期普遍表达，但在成年期则普遍表达
In mammals, the tenascin family of extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoproteins comprises four subgroups (TNC; tenascin C, formerly called ‘cytotactin’) tenascin R (TNR;‘restrictin’), tenascin X (TNX;‘flexilin’) and tenascin W (TNW, also called tenascin N;(Bristow et al. 2005; Valcourt et al. 2015). All share a common general structure, but differences in expression patterns during both development and adulthood have led to the suggestion that physiological, and possibly pathophysiological, differences exist in the functions of each of these family members. In general, however, ECM glycoproteins perform critical architectural and structural roles as seen by the connective tissues disorders that result from loss-of-function mutations, including Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS), which is associated with the loss of TNX. Indeed, TNX deficiency is now recognized as a distinct subgroup (classical-like EDS) within the EDS spectrum of generalized joint hypermobility disorders (Bristow et al. 2005). In the current issue of The Journal of Physiology, Aktar et al.(2018) report the novel, and exciting, finding that TNX is also expressed in specific neuronal populations within both the human and mouse gastrointestinal (GI) tract, suggesting potentially new and undiscovered roles for ECM glycoproteins in the control and regulation of gut functions.In the almost three decades since its initial discovery as a glycoprotein associated with collagen fibrils, TNX is now known to perform additional roles as both a matricellular protein modulating cell adhesion and a modulator of signalling pathways (Valcourt et al. 2015). While expressed ubiquitously in late embryonic development, in adulthood TNX mRNA