The Molecular Virology of Coronaviruses with Special Reference to SARS-CoV-2.
The Molecular Virology of Coronaviruses with Special Reference to SARS-CoV-2.
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-030-85109-5_2
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发表时间：
2021-01-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Munir, Muhammad
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Clayton, Emily;Rohaim, Mohammed A;Munir, Muhammad
简介：冠状病毒（Coronaviruses，CoV）是一种大的、有包膜的正义RNA病毒，可引起上呼吸道和消化道感染。最近，由于发现了一种名为严重急性呼吸综合征2型（SARS-CoV-2）的新型冠状病毒，对冠状病毒的兴趣有所升级，该冠状病毒是COVID-19大流行的病原体。在本章中，我们总结了冠状病毒的分子病毒学特征，并了解其复制的分子机制，以指导全球COVID-19大流行的控制。方法：我们采用整体和比较的方法来评估目前对冠状病毒分子病毒学的理解，并确定不同人类冠状病毒之间的研究差距。结果：冠状病毒可以利用独特的策略，帮助其致病性，复制和在多个宿主中存活。冠状病毒的复制涉及新的机制，如核糖体移码以及基因组和亚基因组RNA的合成。我们总结了冠状病毒分子生物学的关键组成部分和发病机制的分子决定因素。主要集中在SARS-CoV-2，由于其目前的重要性，这篇综述探讨了最近出现的冠状病毒的病毒学，以深入了解这些传染病。结论：所提供的信息提供了根本的瓶颈，制定未来的疾病控制和管理策略，以减少冠状病毒在人群中的影响。
INTRODUCTION: Coronaviruses (CoVs) are large, enveloped and positive-sense RNA viruses which are responsible for a range of upper respiratory and digestive tract infections. Interest in coronaviruses has recently escalated due to the identification of a newly emerged coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this chapter, we summarise molecular virological features of coronaviruses and understand their molecular mechanisms of replication in guiding the control of the global COVID-19 pandemic.METHODS: We applied a holistic and comparative approach to assess the current understanding of coronavirus molecular virology and identify research gaps among different human coronaviruses.RESULTS: Coronaviruses can utilise unique strategies that aid in their pathogenicity, replication and survival in multiple hosts. Replication of coronaviruses involves novel mechanisms such as ribosomal frameshifting and the synthesis of both genomic and sub-genomic RNAs. We summarised the key components in coronavirus molecular biology and molecular determinants of pathogenesis. Focusing largely on SARS-CoV-2 due to its current importance, this review explores the virology of recently emerged coronaviruses to gain an in-depth understanding of these infectious diseases.CONCLUSIONS: The presented information provides fundamental bottlenecks to devise future disease control and management strategies to curtail the impact of coronaviruses in human populations.