Emerging endocrine disrupters: perfluoroalkylated substances
Emerging endocrine disrupters: perfluoroalkylated substances
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2605.2008.00870.x
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发表时间：
2008-04-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Leffers, Henrik
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jensen, Allan Astrup;Leffers, Henrik
近年来，多氟化学品（PFC）越来越多地用作各种工业和消费品中的表面活性剂，因为它们具有独特的防污、防水和防油性能。最著名的全氟化学品是全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）、全氟辛酸（PFOA）及其衍生物，属于全氟烷基化物质。PFCs在环境中具有很强的持久性，其中一些已被发现是空气、水、土壤和野生动物的全球污染物，甚至在偏远的极地地区也有发现。生物累积也发生在人类身上，我们社会中的每个人都在血液和内脏器官（如肝脏、肾脏、脾脏、胆囊和睾丸）中发现了这些全氟化学品的痕迹。在血液中，全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟辛酸与血清蛋白结合。多氟化合物的急性毒性为中等，但某些物质可诱导大鼠肝脏过氧化物酶体增殖，并可能改变细胞膜的流动性。其中一些全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟辛酸等全氟辛烷磺酸是潜在的发育毒物，被怀疑是内分泌干扰物，会影响性激素水平，导致睾酮水平降低和雌二醇水平升高。其他PFC在细胞培养中具有雌激素效应。全氟辛烷磺酸及其衍生物的工业生产已于2000年停止，欧洲联盟已从2008年夏季起禁止大部分用途。然而，数百种相关化学品：具有较短或较长烷基链的同系物、全氟辛酸和调聚物，这些化学品可能会降解为全氟链烷（羧酸）酸，但没有受到管制。
In recent years, polyfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) have increasingly been used as surfactants in various industry- and consumer products, because of their unique properties as repellents of dirt, water and oils. The most well-known PFCs are perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and their derivatives belonging to the group of perfluoroalkylated substances. The PFCs are very persistent in the environment, and some of them have been discovered as global pollutants of air, water, soil and wildlife and even found in remote polar areas. Bioaccumulation occurs also in humans, and everybody in our society has traces of these PFCs in their blood and internal organs such as the liver, kidneys, spleen, gall bladder and testes. In the blood, PFOS and PFOA are bound to serum proteins. The acute toxicity of the polyfluorinated substances is moderate but some substances can induce peroxisome proliferation in rat livers and may change the fluidity of cell membranes. Some of these PFCs, such as PFOS and PFOA, are potential developmental toxicants and are suspected endocrine disruptors with effects on sex hormone levels resulting in lower testosterone levels and higher oestradiol level. Other PFCs have oestrogenic effects in cell cultures. The industrial production of PFOS and its derivatives stopped in 2000, and the European Union has banned most uses from the summer of 2008. However, hundreds of related chemicals: homologues with shorter or longer alkyl chain, PFOA and telomers, which potentially may degrade to perfluoroalkanoic (carboxylic) acids, are not regulated.