Home range establishment and the mechanisms of philopatry among female Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) at Tuanan
Home range establishment and the mechanisms of philopatry among female Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) at Tuanan
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DOI：
10.1007/s00265-020-2818-1
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发表时间：
2020-03-20
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
van Noordwijk, Maria A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ashbury, Alison M.;Willems, Erik P.;van Noordwijk, Maria A.
雌性猩猩表现出出生哲学，生活在与母系亲属重叠的稳定的家庭范围内。利用2003 - 2017年在印度尼西亚加里曼丹中部的Tuanan采集的数据，采用纵向研究方法，更好地了解雌性猩猩（Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii）的雌性哲学机制以及影响雌性猩猩（Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii）家庭范围建立过程的因素。在单个猩猩的巢到巢焦点跟踪期间收集运动和社交数据；4只初产雌象，它们的3只多产母象，以及其他7只生活在同一地区的无亲缘关系的成年雌象。我们的研究结果表明，一只年轻的雌性会经历一个“探索阶段”，从它独立的不成熟时期开始，一直持续到青春期，其特征是每天的活动范围和距离都在增加。这种探索是由高资源可用性和与成年雄性的联系促进的。年轻雌鸟与其出生范围保持高度重叠，但与母亲同期范围的重叠程度逐渐降低。当她进入性活跃的青春期时，一只年轻的雌性和她的母亲有相同的交集，就像一只年轻的雌性和其他有亲缘关系的成年雌性一样，尽管即使在她的第一个孩子出生后，她仍然更多地与她的母亲联系在一起，而不是与他们联系。研究结果表明，团南地区的高生境生产力和高种群密度导致母亲缘之间高度的终生位点保真度和重叠。
Female orangutans exhibit natal philopatry, living in stable home ranges that overlap with those of their maternal relatives. Using data collected from 2003 to 2017 at Tuanan in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, we take a longitudinal approach to better understand the mechanisms of female philopatry and the factors that influence the home range establishment process of young female orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii). Data on movement and sociality were collected during nest-to-nest focal follows of individual orangutans; four young nulli/primiparous females, their three multiparous mothers, and seven other unrelated adult females living in the same area. Our results show that a young female goes through an 'exploration phase', beginning when she is an independent immature and lasting through her adolescence, characterized by an increase in home range size and distance travelled each day. This exploration is facilitated by high resource availability and association with adult males. A young female maintains a high degree of overlap with her natal range but gradually decrease the degree of overlap with her mother's concurrent range. By the time she is a sexually active adolescent, a young female and her mother share as much overlap as a young female does with other related adult females, although she continues to associate more with her mother than with them, even after the birth of her first offspring. Our findings indicate that the high habitat productivity and high orangutan population density of Tuanan lead to a high degree of life-time site fidelity and overlap among maternal kin.