Exploring associations between physical activity and perceived and objective measures of the built environment
Exploring associations between physical activity and perceived and objective measures of the built environment
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DOI：
10.1007/s11524-006-9136-4
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发表时间：
2007-03-01
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Rodriguez, Daniel A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McGinn, Aileen P.;Evenson, Kelly R.;Rodriguez, Daniel A.
建筑环境可能是造成非机动交通不便的原因，导致身体活动减少。然而，很少有研究评估感知和客观测量的环境与体力活动的结果。本研究的目的是描述的感知和客观措施的建成环境和他们的协会与休闲，步行和交通活动之间的关联。2003年1月至7月，在北卡罗来纳州的福赛斯县和密西西比州的杰克逊市进行了1,270次电话调查，对环境感知进行了评估。参与者被问到高速汽车，交通拥挤，缺乏人行横道或人行道是他们社区的问题还是身体活动的障碍。他们还被问到是否有地方可以步行而不是在他们的社区开车。速度，体积和街道的连通性进行了评估，使用地理信息系统（GIS）的研究领域。碰撞的位置进行了测量，使用地理信息系统的NC研究领域以及。建筑环境的客观和感知的措施是在协议较差的卡帕系数计算。在回归分析中，几乎没有发现任何身体活动结果与速度，体积或人行道存在的感知之间的关联，这些感知是附近的问题或身体活动的障碍。研究地点之间的感知有地方步行和存在的人行横道之间的关联不同。在北卡罗来纳州福赛斯县，发现交通量、交通速度和碰撞与休闲、步行和交通活动的客观测量之间存在若干关联;然而，在MS的杰克逊，只有交通量与任何体力活动结果相关。当建筑环境的客观和感知的措施结合到同一个模型中，我们观察到独立的协会与身体活动，因此，我们觉得，评估建筑环境的客观和感知的措施可能是必要的，当检查建筑环境和身体活动之间的关系。
The built environment may be responsible for making nonmotorized transportation inconvenient, resulting in declines in physical activity. However, few studies have assessed both the perceived and objectively measured environment in association with physical activity outcomes. The purpose of this study was to describe the associations between perceptions and objective measures of the built environment and their associations with leisure, walking, and transportation activity. Perception of the environment was assessed from responses to 1,270 telephone surveys conducted in Forsyth County, NC and Jackson, MS from January to July 2003. Participants were asked if high-speed cars, heavy traffic, and lack of crosswalks or sidewalks were problems in their neighborhood or barriers to physical activity. They were also asked if there are places to walk to instead of driving in their neighborhood. Speed, volume, and street connectivity were assessed using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for both study areas. Locations of crashes were measured using GIS for the NC study area as well. Objective and perceived measures of the built environment were in poor agreement as calculated by kappa coefficients. Few associations were found between any of the physical activity outcomes and perception of speed, volume, or presence of sidewalks as problems in the neighborhood or as barriers to physical activity in regression analyses. Associations between perceptions of having places to walk to and presence of crosswalks differed between study sites. Several associations were found between objective measures of traffic volume, traffic speed, and crashes with leisure, walking, and transportation activity in Forsyth County, NC; however, in Jackson, MS, only traffic volume was associated with any of the physical activity outcomes. When both objective and perceived measures of the built environment were combined into the same model, we observed independent associations with physical activity; thus, we feel that evaluating both objective and perceived measures of the built environment may be necessary when examining the relationship between the built environment and physical activity.