The dynamics of innovation: from National Systems and "Mode 2" to a Triple Helix of university-industry-government relations
The dynamics of innovation: from National Systems and "Mode 2" to a Triple Helix of university-industry-government relations
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DOI：
10.1016/s0048-7333(99)00055-4
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发表时间：
2000-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Leydesdorff, L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Etzkowitz, H;Leydesdorff, L
将大学-企业-政府关系的三重螺旋与其他模型进行比较，以解释其社会背景下的当前研究体系。机构合作伙伴之间的沟通和谈判产生了叠加，不断重组底层安排。制度层可以被认为是一个发展中系统的保留机制。例如，创新系统的国家组织历来在决定竞争方面发挥着重要作用。然而，跨工业部门和民族国家的重组是由新技术（生物技术、信息通信技术）引发的。随后的转变可以根据（新）进化机制进行分析。大学研究可能越来越多地充当这种知识密集型网络转型“实验室”的中心。 (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. 保留所有权利。
The Triple Helix of university-industry-government relations is compared with alternative models for explaining the current research system in its social contexts. Communications and negotiations between institutional partners generate an overlay that increasingly reorganizes the underlying arrangements. The institutional layer can be considered as the retention mechanism of a developing system. For example, the national organization of the system of innovation has historically been important in determining competition. Reorganizations across industrial sectors and nation states, however, are induced by new technologies (biotechnology, ICT). The consequent transformations can be analyzed in terms of (neo-)evolutionary mechanisms. University research may function increasingly as a locus in the "laboratory" of such knowledge-intensive network transitions. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.