Alexander Hollaender’s Postwar Vision for Biology: Oak Ridge and Beyond
Alexander Hollaender’s Postwar Vision for Biology:
Oak Ridge and Beyond
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亚历山大·霍兰德 (Alexander Hollaender) 的战后生物学愿景：橡树岭及其他地区
DOI：
10.1007/s10739-006-9109-1
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发表时间：
2006
影响因子：
0.8
通讯作者：
K. Rader
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Rader
实验放射生物学是美国原子能委员会 (AEC) 的长期优先事项，但组织问题最初阻碍了这项政府资助工作的实验室进展：谁将指导此类跨学科研究以及如何指导？ AEC 应该支持基础研究还是只支持任务导向的项目？ Alexander Hollaender 对战后世界生物学的愿景指导了橡树岭 AEC 的倡议，他在那里创建并主持了生物学部近二十年（1947 年至 1966 年）。 Hollaender 的计划既具有创业性又以系统为导向，充分利用了 AEC 和橡树岭国家实验室设置提供的独特资源，同时重组了战时研究实践，以更好地反映生物学家自己的优先事项。由于霍兰德为许多学术实验生物学家提供了一种将与军事相关的赞助视为其职业身份的组成部分而不是对立的方式，因此他的工作提供了一个重要的视角，通过它来审视战后早期放射生物学的知识和机构发展。
Experimental radiobiology represented a long-standing priority for the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), but organizational issues initially impeded the laboratory progress of this government-funded work: who would direct such interdisciplinary investigations and how? And should the AEC support basic research or only mission-oriented projects? Alexander Hollaender’s vision for biology in the post-war world guided AEC initiatives at Oak Ridge, where he created and presided over the Division of Biology for nearly two decades (1947–1966). Hollaender’s scheme, at once entrepreneurial and system-oriented, made good use of the unique resources provided by the AEC and by Oak Ridge’s national laboratory setting, while at the same time it restructured wartime research practices to better reflect biologists’ own priorities. Because Hollaender offered many academic experimental biologists a way of envisioning military-related patronage as integral – rather than antithetical – to their professional identities, his work provides an important lens through which to examine the early post-war intellectual and institutional development of radiobiology.