The development of psychopathology from infancy to adulthood: The mysterious unfolding of disturbance in time
The development of psychopathology from infancy to adulthood: The mysterious unfolding of disturbance in time
复制标题
DOI：
10.1002/imhj.10053
复制
发表时间：
2003-05-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Fonagy, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fonagy, P
(1)早期依恋与后期认知功能关联的本质；(2)安全依恋与理解和表征内部状态的工具之间关联的积累证据；(3)早期依恋分类的有限预测价值；(4)对其他哺乳动物依恋生物学功能的研究；(5)成人依恋量表的因素分析研究，表明依恋类型和依恋质量的独立性。作者试探性地提出，婴儿期依恋具有主要的进化功能，即产生一种能够推断和归因于因果动机和认知心理状态的思维，并通过这些功能以一组稳定和概括的意向属性来表征自我，从而确保社会协作，而成年依恋的进化功能是保护自我表征免受社会接触不可避免地产生的影响。当依恋的心理机制被扭曲或功能失调，并且不能履行其保持自我表征完整性的生物功能时，就会出现严重的人格病理。
A model for the development of this mechanism is offered as well as evidence for it from five areas: (1) the nature of the association of early attachment and later cognitive functioning, (2) accumulating evidence for the association between secure attachment and the facility with which internal states are understood and represented, (3) the limited predictive value of early attachment classification, (4) the studies of the biological functions of attachment in other mammalian species, and (5) factor analytic studies of adult attachment scales that suggest the independence of attachment type and attachment quality. The author tentatively proposes that attachment in infancy has the primary evolutionary function of generating a mind capable of inferring and attributing causal motivational and epistemic mind states, and through these arriving at a representation of the self in terms of a set of stable and generalized intentional attributes thus ensuring social collaboration, whereas attachment in adulthood serves the evolutionary function of protecting the self representation from the impingements that social encounters inevitably create. Severe personality pathology arises when the psychological mechanism of attachment is distorted or dysfunctional and cannot fulfill its biological function of preserving the intactness of self representations.