Tuberculosis and HIV.
Tuberculosis and HIV.
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结核病和艾滋病毒。
DOI：
--
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
T. Sterling
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Wendel;T. Sterling
几个世纪以来，结核病（TB）一直导致严重的发病率和死亡率。虽然结核病的发病率和病死率在20世纪世纪期间由于有效的抗结核治疗的发展而显著下降，但这些趋势因20世纪80年代艾滋病毒的出现而改变。艾滋病毒对结核病的发病率、临床表现、治疗和结局有重大影响。在全球范围内，艾滋病毒和结核病是导致死亡的两大传染性原因。这些病原体的合并感染可能特别具有破坏性，特别是在发展中国家，那里的疾病负担很高，获得有效治疗的机会很少。
世界卫生组织（卫生组织）全球监测项目估计，1997年约有800万新病例和1 600万流行病例。撒哈拉以南非洲的发病率最高，东南亚的绝对病例数最多。1 1990年代，结核病例中艾滋病毒合并感染的全球估计数增加，1997年达到8%。非洲艾滋病毒感染结核病例的比例最高（32%），但印度艾滋病毒/结核病合并感染者的绝对人数最多。
欧洲和美洲的结核病发病率远低于非洲或东南亚。1 1993年至1999年期间，在美国接受艾滋病毒筛查的结核病患者中，艾滋病毒合并感染率为10%至15%;年龄在25 ~ 44岁之间的肺结核患者中，合并感染的发生率为19%~ 29%。不幸的是，截至1999年，只有不到50%的结核病患者接受了艾滋病毒筛查。在美国，艾滋病毒/结核病合并感染者通常来自大城市的经济弱势社区。
结核病病死率与艾滋病毒流行率密切相关。3有限的尸检数据表明，结核病病死率的增加可能归因于...
Tuberculosis (TB) has caused significant morbidity and mortality for centuries. Although TB incidence and case-fatality rates declined markedly over the course of the 20th century, aided by the development of effective anti-TB treatments, these trends were altered by the emergence of HIV in the 1980s. HIV has had a substantial effect on the incidence, clinical manifestations, treatment, and outcome of TB. Globally, HIV and TB are the 2 leading infectious causes of death. Coinfection with these pathogens can be particularly devastating, especially in the developing world, where the burden of disease is high and access to effective therapy is low.
The World Health Organization (WHO) Global Surveillance and Monitoring Project estimated that there were approximately 8 million new cases and 16 million prevalent cases of TB in 1997. Incidence was highest in sub-Saharan Africa, and the greatest absolute number of cases occurred in Southeast Asia.1 The global estimate of HIV coinfection in TB cases increased during the 1990s and reached 8% in 1997. Africa had the highest proportion of HIV-infected TB cases (32%), but India had the greatest absolute number of HIV/TB-coinfected individuals.
TB incidence is far lower in Europe and the Americas than in Africa or Southeast Asia.1 Between 1993 and 1999, the rate of HIV coinfection ranged from 10% to 15% among TB patients who underwent HIV screening in the U.S.; among TB patients aged 25 to 44 years, the incidence of coinfection was 19% to 29%. Unfortunately, as of 1999, fewer than 50% of people diagnosed with TB were screened for HIV. In the U.S., persons with HIV/TB coinfection usually are from economically disadvantaged communities in major cities.2
The TB case-fatality rate is closely linked to HIV prevalence.3 Limited autopsy data suggest that the increased TB fatality rate may be attributable to …
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影响因子：
9.6
作者：
Wendel, KA;Alwood, KS;Sterling, TR
通讯作者：
Sterling, TR
影响因子：
15.9
作者：
ZHANG, M;GONG, JH;BARNES, PF
通讯作者：
BARNES, PF
影响因子：
158.5
作者：
SELWYN, PA;HARTEL, D;FRIEDLAND, GH
通讯作者：
FRIEDLAND, GH
DOI：
10.1164/ajrccm.159.2.9805097
发表时间：
1999-02-01
影响因子：
24.7
作者：
Sandman, L;Schluger, NW;Bonk, S
通讯作者：
Bonk, S