Genetics of resistance to Zymoseptoria tritici and applications to wheat breeding.
Genetics of resistance to Zymoseptoria tritici and applications to wheat breeding.
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小麦发酵锈病菌抗性遗传学及其在小麦育种中的应用。
DOI：
10.1016/j.fgb.2015.04.017
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发表时间：
2015-06
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Saintenac C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Brown JK;Chartrain L;Lasserre-Zuber P;Saintenac C
我们回顾了小麦抗小麦褐斑病的遗传，并绘制了已知基因图谱。质抗性通常是单基因的、基因型特异性的和非持久性的。定量抗性通常是多基因的，特异性低，持久性强。抗性育种的主要要求是多样化的种质资源和严重Septoria的田间场地。本文综述了小麦稻瘟病菌（Mycosphaerella graminicola）对小麦稻瘟病的抗性基因研究进展。这些基因可以分为两类，尽管有些基因可能同时具有这两类的特征。质量抗性是由控制大部分遗传变异的基因控制的，到目前为止已经发现和定位了21个遗传变异。其中大多数已被证明是基因型特异性的，对少数无毒性的小麦弧菌分离株有效，Stb6已被证明控制着基因对基因的关系。大多数质的抗性不太可能持久，一些以前有效的基因已被病原体毒力的进化所克服。数量抗性一般由对STB有小到中等影响的基因控制。它们通常比定性基因具有更弱的特异性，并且提供了更持久的抗性。迄今为止，已经鉴定出89个携带数量性状位点（QTL）或元QTL的基因组区域。一些QTL已经定位在质性基因的位点上或附近，特别是Stb6，它存在于几种抗性来源中。另一个特别令人感兴趣的基因是Stb16q，它对迄今为止测试的所有麦兹菌分离株都有效。除了抗性外，小麦品种对STB的易感性也可以通过抗病性状来降低，其中一些性状在育种中可能是不希望的。对STB抗性育种的基本要求是小麦种质资源的抗性遗传多样性和定期发生STB流行的田间试验点，并且可以结合其他理想性状进行有效的抗性选择。如果这些措施到位，抗性基因的知识可用于改善对STB的控制。
We review the genetics of wheat resistance to Septoria tritici blotch, with a map of known genes. Qualitative resistance is usually monogenic, genotype-specific and non-durable. Quantitative resistance is generally polygenic with low specificity and greater durability. Major requirements for resistance breeding are diverse germplasm and field sites with severe Septoria. This paper reviews current knowledge about genes for resistance to Septoria tritici blotch (STB) of wheat, caused by Zymoseptoria tritici (formerly Mycosphaerella graminicola). These genes can be placed into two classes, although a few may have characteristics of both classes. Qualitative resistance is controlled by genes which control large fractions of genetic variation, 21 of which have been discovered and mapped so far. Most of them have been shown to be genotype-specific, being effective against the minority of Z. tritici isolates which are avirulent, and Stb6 has been shown to control a gene-for-gene relationship. Most qualitative resistances are unlikely to be durable and some formerly effective genes have been overcome by the evolution of pathogen virulence. Quantitative resistance is generally controlled by genes with small-to-moderate effects on STB. They have generally weaker specificity than qualitative genes and have provided more durable resistance. 89 genome regions carrying quantitative trait loci (QTL) or meta-QTL have been identified to date. Some QTL have been mapped at or near loci of qualitative genes, especially Stb6, which is present in several sources of resistance. Another gene of particular interest is Stb16q, which has been effective against all Z. tritici isolates tested so far. In addition to resistance, the susceptibility of wheat cultivars to STB can also be reduced by disease escape traits, some of which may be undesirable in breeding. The fundamental requirements for breeding for STB-resistance are genetic diversity for resistance in wheat germplasm and a field trial site at which STB epidemics occur regularly and effective selection can be conducted for resistance combined with other desirable traits. If these are in place, knowledge of resistance genes can be applied to improving control of STB.