Impacts of hypoxic events surpass those of future ocean warming and acidification
Impacts of hypoxic events surpass those of future ocean warming and acidification
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DOI：
10.1038/s41559-020-01370-3
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发表时间：
2021-01-11
影响因子：
16.8
通讯作者：
Rosa, Rui
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sampaio, Eduardo;Santos, Catarina;Rosa, Rui
对压力源对海洋生物的实验影响进行的元分析表明，缺氧对甲壳类动物、软体动物和鱼类的伤害可能比变暖和酸化更大，在过去几十年中，人为排放对海洋生物造成了三大挑战：海洋变暖、酸化和氧气流失。虽然大多数实验研究都针对前两个压力源，最后一个仍然相对被忽视。在这里，我们实施了顺序分层混合模型荟萃分析，（721例对照-治疗比较），以比较与当前和持续强化缺氧事件相关的氧气条件的影响（1-3.5 O-2 mg l（-1））与海洋变暖实验产生的结果根据气专委对2100年的预测（RCP 8.5），与变暖和酸化相反，低氧事件引起了相对于控制生物学性能的一致负面影响-生存（-33%），丰度（-65%），发育（-51%），代谢（-33%），生长（-24%）和繁殖（-39%）-在分类组（软体动物，甲壳类动物和鱼类），个体发育阶段和研究的气候区域。我们的研究结果呼吁重新关注全球变化实验研究，将氧浓度驱动因素作为海洋变化的关键因素。考虑到潜在的综合效应，包括渐进和极端变化在内的多压力源设计进一步保证充分揭示海洋氧气流失、变暖和酸化的未来影响。
A meta-analysis of experimental effects of stressors on marine organisms shows that hypoxia could harm crustaceans, mollusks and fish to a larger extent than warming and acidification.Over the past decades, three major challenges to marine life have emerged as a consequence of anthropogenic emissions: ocean warming, acidification and oxygen loss. While most experimental research has targeted the first two stressors, the last remains comparatively neglected. Here, we implemented sequential hierarchical mixed-model meta-analyses (721 control-treatment comparisons) to compare the impacts of oxygen conditions associated with the current and continuously intensifying hypoxic events (1-3.5 O-2 mg l(-1)) with those experimentally yielded by ocean warming (+4 degrees C) and acidification (-0.4 units) conditions on the basis of IPCC projections (RCP 8.5) for 2100. In contrast to warming and acidification, hypoxic events elicited consistent negative effects relative to control biological performance-survival (-33%), abundance (-65%), development (-51%), metabolism (-33%), growth (-24%) and reproduction (-39%)-across the taxonomic groups (mollusks, crustaceans and fish), ontogenetic stages and climate regions studied. Our findings call for a refocus of global change experimental studies, integrating oxygen concentration drivers as a key factor of ocean change. Given potential combined effects, multistressor designs including gradual and extreme changes are further warranted to fully disclose the future impacts of ocean oxygen loss, warming and acidification.