Enzyme applications in detergency and in manufacturing industries
Enzyme applications in detergency and in manufacturing industries
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DOI：
10.2174/1385272033486468
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发表时间：
2003-09-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Formantici, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Galante, YA;Formantici, C
在过去的10-20年中，酶在工业和食品加工中的应用在几个领域经历了显着的发展：洗涤剂，纺织品，谷物湿磨，食品，单胃动物饲料，纸浆和纸张，皮革，天然聚合物改性，有机化学合成，诊断，重组DNA技术和蛋白质工程是目前设计和生产新型工业酶的主要技术，因为它们允许以有竞争力的成本达到纯化产物的高产率，并设计具有新性质的新酶，其很好地适应工业条件。在主要种类的酶中，约80%的当前工业酶是水解酶（例如，碳水化合物水解酶、酯酶），并且在细胞外产生以便于发酵后的下游回收。近年来，一些氧化还原酶已被商业化引入（例如，过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶、漆酶）和甚至一种裂解酶（果胶酸裂解酶在原棉生物精练中的应用）。在本文中，我们概述了酶在以下方面的应用：洗涤、纺织和皮革，这三个领域代表了工业酶的主要用途。在洗涤方面，酶有助于高效去除服装和织物上的蛋白质、淀粉和油脂污渍，从而增强表面活性剂的作用，改善洗涤过程的性能。在纺织工业中，纤维素酶、淀粉酶、蛋白酶、过氧化氢酶、果胶裂解酶、过氧化物酶和漆酶都已成为纺织米尔斯厂常用的酶，在制革厂中，蛋白酶在软化步骤中的应用软化皮革并为鞣制做好准备，自古以来就是制革的关键步骤次现在有各种各样的蛋白酶可用于生皮的浸泡、软化和脱毛，还有脂肪酶可用于制革。
Applications of enzymes in industrial and food processes have undergone remarkable developments in several areas in the last 10-20 years: detergent, textile, grain wet milling, food, monogastric animal feed, pulp & paper, leather, natural polymer modifications, organic chemical synthesis, diagnostics, etc.Recombinant DNA technology and protein engineering are currently the main technologies in the design and production of new industrial enzymes, because they allow to reach high production yields of purified products at competitive costs and to design new enzymes with novel properties well adapted to industrial conditions.Of the major classes of enzymes, about 80% of current industrial enzymes are hydrolases (e.g., carbohydrolases, esterases) and are extracellularly produced for ease of downstream recovery after fermentation. In recent years, a few oxidoreductases have been commercially introduced (e.g., catalase, peroxidase, laccase) and even one lyase (pectate lyase for raw cotton bioscouring).In this review, we give an overview of enzyme applications in: detergency, textile and leather, which are the three areas that represent the majority of industrial enzyme uses.In detergency, enzymes contribute to the highly efficient removal of stains made of proteins, starch and grease from garments and fabrics, thereby enhancing the action of surfactants and improving the performance of the washing process.In the textile industry, cellulases, amylases, proteases, catalases, pectin lyase, peroxidase and laccase, have all become enzymes commonly used in textile mills, dyehouses and industrial laundries.In tanneries' application of proteases at the bating step to soften the hides and prepare them for tanning has been a key step in leather making ever since ancient times. A vast range of proteases is now available for soaking, bating and for unhairing raw hides, and of lipases for degreasing.