Adolescent ethanol exposure: does it produce long-lasting electrophysiological effects?
Adolescent ethanol exposure: does it produce long-lasting electrophysiological effects?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.alcohol.2009.09.033
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发表时间：
2010-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Criado, Jose R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ehlers, Cindy L.;Criado, Jose R.
这篇综述讨论了在动物模型中青少年发育期间暴露于乙醇后可能发生的长期神经生理学变化的证据。青春期是大多数人第一次接触乙醇的时间，酗酒在青春期并不罕见。如果酒精暴露对青春期发育中的大脑具有神经毒性，就像胎儿发育期间一样，那么了解酒精如何影响发育中的青少年大脑就成为一个重大的公共卫生问题。青春期是认知、情感和社会成熟的关键时期，乙醇暴露可能会影响这些复杂的过程。为了研究乙醇对青少年大脑的影响，需要能够仔细控制暴露剂量和时间的动物模型，以密切模仿人类状况。回顾的研究提供的证据表明，在大鼠青春期的部分时间内，通过乙醇蒸汽相对短暂地暴露于高水平的乙醇足以引起功能性脑活动的长期变化。在青春期暴露于乙醇蒸汽的成年大鼠中，清醒脑电图的干扰和事件相关电位（ERP）的P3分量的减少已被证明。青少年乙醇暴露也被发现产生持久的减少慢波睡眠（SWS）事件的平均持续时间和在SWS中花费的总时间，这一发现与睡眠的过早老化一致。进一步的研究是必要的，以确认这些发现，在一系列的菌株，并将这些发现的神经解剖学和神经化学机制潜在的青少年乙醇暴露的持久影响。(C)2010年爱思唯尔公司All rights reserved.
This review discusses evidence for long-lasting neurophysiological changes that may occur following exposure to ethanol during adolescent development in animal models. Adolescence is the time that most individuals first experience ethanol exposure, and binge drinking is not uncommon during adolescence. If alcohol exposure is neurotoxic to the developing brain during adolescence, not unlike it is during fetal development, then understanding how ethanol affects the developing adolescent brain becomes a major public health issue. Adolescence is a critical time period when cognitive, emotional, and social maturation occurs and it is likely that ethanol exposure may affect these complex processes. To study the effects of ethanol on adolescent brain, animal models where the dose and time of exposure can be carefully controlled that closely mimic the human condition are needed. The studies reviewed provide evidence that demonstrates that relatively brief exposure to high levels of ethanol, via ethanol vapors, during a period corresponding to parts of adolescence in the rat is sufficient to cause long-lasting changes in functional brain activity. Disturbances in waking electroencephalogram and a reduction in the P3 component of the event-related potential (ERP) have been demonstrated in adult rats that were exposed to ethanol vapor during adolescence. Adolescent ethanol exposure was also found to produce long-lasting reductions in the mean duration of slow-wave sleep (SWS) episodes and the total amount of time spent in SWS, a finding consistent with a premature aging of sleep. Further studies are necessary to confirm these findings, in a range of strains, and to link those findings to the neuroanatomical and neurochemical mechanisms potentially underlying the lasting effects of adolescent ethanol exposure. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.