DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGES IN CHILDRENS COGNITION TO STRESSFUL AND PAINFUL SITUATIONS
DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGES IN CHILDRENS COGNITION TO STRESSFUL AND PAINFUL SITUATIONS
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DOI：
10.1093/jpepsy/11.3.343
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发表时间：
1986-09-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
BAKER, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
BROWN, JM;OKEEFFE, J;BAKER, B
最近的研究表明，一些成年人在有压力的情况下自发地使用各种类型的认知应对策略。使用认知应对策略的受试者报告的疼痛和压力通常比那些专注于或夸大情况的消极方面的受试者(“灾难制造者”)要少。本调查的目的是确定儿童在应对两种想象的和一种最近的个人应激源时报告了哪些类型的认知(包括应对和灾难)，以及这些认知与年龄、特质焦虑和性别的关系。结果表明，随着年龄的增长，幼虫数量显著增加。积极的自我对话是最常见的认知应对策略，其使用随着年龄的增长而显着增加。此外，不同类型的策略使用的总数随着年龄的增长而增加。COPERS报告的特质焦虑明显低于灾难者。应对和灾害化的患病率没有性别差异。尽管应对能力随着年龄的增长而增加，但灾难的发生率仍然相对较高。灾难最常见的形式是关注负面影响。讨论的重点是这些发现的意义和对未来研究的影响。
Recent research suggests that some adults spontaneously employ various types of cognitive coping strategies in stressful situations. Subjects who employ cognitive coping strategies typically report less pain and stress than subjects who focus on or exaggerate the negative aspects of the situation ("catastrophizers"). The purpose of the present investigation was to determine what types of cognitions (both coping and catastrophizing) children report in response to two imagined and one recent personal stressor, and how these cognitions relate to age, trait anxiety, and gender. The results indicated that the number of copers increased significantly with age. Positive self-talk was the most frequently reported cognitive coping strategy and its use significantly increased with age. Additionally, the total number of different types of strategies used increased with age. Copers reported significantly less trait anxiety than catastrophizers. There were no sex differences in the prevalence of coping and catastrophizing. Despite the fact that coping increased with age, catastrophizing still occurred at a relatively high rate. Catastrophizing most frequently took the form of focusing on negative affect. Discussion focused on the significance of these findings and implications for future research.