Metabolism.
Metabolism.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1042/ebc20190041
复制
发表时间：
2020-10-08
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Dodd MS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Judge A;Dodd MS
新陈代谢是生物体细胞内发生的一系列反应，以维持生命。代谢过程涉及许多相互关联的细胞途径，最终为细胞提供执行其功能所需的能量。这些途径的重要性和进化优势可以被视为许多动物，植物，真菌和细菌保持不变。在真核生物中，代谢途径发生在细胞的胞质溶胶和线粒体内，利用葡萄糖或脂肪酸提供动物中的大部分细胞能量。代谢被组织成不同的代谢途径，以最大限度地捕获能量或最小化其使用。代谢可以分为一系列化学反应，包括合成和降解复杂的大分子，分别被称为前体或后体。讨论了能量消耗和生产的基本原理，以及构成生命基本代谢过程的生化途径。
Metabolism consists of a series of reactions that occur within cells of living organisms to sustain life. The process of metabolism involves many interconnected cellular pathways to ultimately provide cells with the energy required to carry out their function. The importance and the evolutionary advantage of these pathways can be seen as many remain unchanged by animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria. In eukaryotes, the metabolic pathways occur within the cytosol and mitochondria of cells with the utilisation of glucose or fatty acids providing the majority of cellular energy in animals. Metabolism is organised into distinct metabolic pathways to either maximise the capture of energy or minimise its use. Metabolism can be split into a series of chemical reactions that comprise both the synthesis and degradation of complex macromolecules known as anabolism or catabolism, respectively. The basic principles of energy consumption and production are discussed, alongside the biochemical pathways that make up fundamental metabolic processes for life.