Hearing by Bone Conduction and the Use of Bone-Conduction Hearing Aids
Hearing by Bone Conduction and the Use of Bone-Conduction Hearing Aids
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骨导听力和骨导助听器的使用
DOI：
10.1177/003591575204501110
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发表时间：
1952
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
P. H. Strange
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chairman;J. J. Knight;P. H. Strange
虽然Bekesy（1932）、Barany（1938）等人的实验工作为这种刺激方式提供了可能的解释，但声音通过骨传导传递到内耳的确切性质还是有些模糊的。讨论了通道内插和外插时所观察到的“闭塞”效应与导电机制限制效应的关系。提示在正常人和知觉性耳聋患者中，由于听骨链的惯性作用，骨传导刺激听力实际上是通过正常的空气传导机制发生的。在传导性耳聋中，刺激可通过直接刺激耳蜗骨结构和耳蜗液的惯性来实现，如果圆窗通畅。在耳硬化的晚期，两个窗口的阻塞可能表明明显的感知因素，即骨传导听力图降低。叙述了有关声音从一只耳朵传到另一只耳朵的实验。当从电话听筒发出的声音被施加到一只耳朵时，传递到另一只耳朵的声音水平被称为“交叉听”，这取决于施加的方式和听筒的类型。对于应用于乳突骨的骨传导接收器，在250到2000 c/s的频率范围内，到达两耳的声音水平通常差别很小。在空气传导接收器应用声音的情况下，通过“交叉听”传播的声音减少了45至50分贝。用于外部接收器和75至80分贝。插入式接收器。在进行骨传导测试时强调掩蔽的重要性，并建议通过插入式接收器最有效地实现掩蔽噪声的应用。本文讨论了骨传导助听器的用途，以及在何种条件下骨传导助听器的应用优于或优于空气传导助听器。
THE exact nature of the communication of sound to the inner ear by bone conduction is somewhat obscure although the experimental work of Bekesy (1932), Barany (1938) and others offers suggestions of possible explanations of this means of stimulation. The relationship of the "occlusion" effect as observed when the meatus is plugged externally and internally and the effect of restriction of the conductive mechanism is discussed. It is suggested that in normal subjects and patients with perceptive deafness hearing by bone-conductor stimulation occurs virtually by means of the normal air-conduction mechanism due to the inertia of the free ossicular chain. In conductive deafness stimulation may be by direct excitation of the bony structure of the cochlea with the inertia of the cochlear fluid operative if the round window is unobstructed. In advanced stages of otosclerosis the obstruction of both windows would be expected to indicate an apparent perceptive element, i.e. a lowered bone-conduction audiogram. An account is given of experiments relating to the communication of sound from one ear to the other. When sound from a telephone receiver is applied to one ear the level of sound communicated to the other ear known as "cross-hearing" depends on the mode of application and the type of receiver. For a bone-conduction receiver applied to the mastoid there is in general very little difference in the level of sound reaching the two ears over the frequency range 250 to 2000 c/s. In the case of sound applied by an air-conduction receiver the communication of sound by "cross-hearing" suffers a reduction of 45 to 50 db. for an external receiver and 75 to 80 db. for an insert receiver. The importance of masking when making bone-conduction tests is emphasized and it is suggested that the application of the masking noise is accomplished most efficiently by means of an insert form of receiver. The usefulness of bone-conduction hearing aids and the conditions under which their application is superior or preferable to air-conduction types is discussed.