A spatial assessment of potential biomass for bioenergy in Australia in 2010, and possible expansion by 2030 and 2050
A spatial assessment of potential biomass for bioenergy in Australia in 2010, and possible expansion by 2030 and 2050
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/gcbb.12295
复制
发表时间：
2016-07
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. Crawford;M. H. O’Connor;T. Jovanovic;A. Herr;R. J. Raison;D. O’Connell;T. Baynes
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Crawford;M. H. O’Connor;T. Jovanovic;A. Herr;R. J. Raison;D. O’Connell;T. Baynes
本文提供了2010年、2030年和2050年澳大利亚潜在可用生物质能的空间估计（在明确说明的假设下），包括以下生物质来源：作物残茬、原生草、来自种植园和原生森林的纸浆木和残留物（在森林采伐或木材加工过程中产生）、甘蔗渣、有机城市固体废物和新的短轮作乔木作物。对于每一种生物质类型，我们利用现成的数据，在尽可能精细的尺度上估计了每年的潜在可用性，然后对澳大利亚60个统计区划（行政区域）进行汇总估算。据估计，潜在可利用的木质纤维素生物质每年约为8000万吨，其中作物残茬（每年2770万吨）、草（每年1970万吨）和森林种植园（每年1090万吨）是主要来源。在未来20-40年，潜在可利用生物量总量可能增加到每年100 - 1.15亿吨，新种植的短轮作树木是增加的主要来源（到2030年每年1470万吨，到2050年每年2930万吨）。我们排除了油籽、藻类和“再生”，即在以前清除的土地上自然再生的木本植被，这在澳大利亚的几个地区可能很重要（澳大利亚林业77,2014,1；全球变化生物学生物能源7,2015,497）。我们简要地讨论了为建立大规模生物能源产业所需的大量生物质提供可靠和可持续供应所面临的一些挑战。需要更详细的区域分析，包括交付生物量的成本、收获、运输和储存的物流和经济、生物量的竞争市场和对生产可持续性的全面评估，以支持对具体转换设施的投资(例如森林生物能源的机会：对澳大利亚两个有前景的地区生物质资源生产生物能源相关的环境和经济机会及制约因素的评估，2011年(a)。
This paper provides spatial estimates of potentially available biomass for bioenergy in Australia in 2010, 2030 and 2050 (under clearly stated assumptions) for the following biomass sources: crop stubble, native grasses, pulpwood and residues (created either during forest harvesting or wood processing) from plantations and native forests, bagasse, organic municipal solid waste and new short‐rotation tree crops. For each biomass type, we estimated annual potential availability at the finest scale possible with readily accessible data, and then aggregated to make estimates for each of 60 Statistical Divisions (administrative areas) across Australia. The potentially available lignocellulosic biomass is estimated at approximately 80 Mt per year, with the major contributors of crop stubble (27.7 Mt per year), grasses (19.7 Mt per year) and forest plantations (10.9 Mt per year). Over the next 20–40 years, total potentially available biomass could increase to 100–115 Mt per year, with new plantings of short‐rotation trees being the major source of the increase (14.7 Mt per year by 2030 and 29.3 Mt per year by 2050). We exclude oilseeds, algae and ‘regrowth’, that is woody vegetation naturally regenerating on previously cleared land, which may be important in several regions of Australia (Australian Forestry 77, 2014, 1; Global Change Biology Bioenergy 7, 2015, 497). We briefly discuss some of the challenges to providing a reliable and sustainable supply of the large amounts of biomass required to build a bioenergy industry of significant scale. More detailed regional analyses, including of the costs of delivered biomass, logistics and economics of harvest, transport and storage, competing markets for biomass and a full assessment of the sustainability of production are needed to underpin investment in specific conversion facilities (e.g. Opportunities for forest bioenergy: An assessment of the environmental and economic opportunities and constraints associated with bioenergy production from biomass resources in two prospective regions of Australia, 2011a).