Spatial Distribution of Exhalation Droplets in the Bus in Different Seasons
Spatial Distribution of Exhalation Droplets in the Bus in Different Seasons
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DOI：
10.4209/aaqr.200478
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发表时间：
2021-08-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Hou, Shanshan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Duan, Wenzhu;Mei, Dan;Hou, Shanshan
在封闭的巴士内，带有病毒/细菌的飞沫可能会传播呼吸道传染病。利用ANSYS FLUENT软件，采用离散相模型，模拟了不同温度、不同喷出位置下液滴的扩散特性和浓度分布。结果表明，室外温度越高，雾滴扩散速度越慢，到达驾驶员处的时间越长。此外，基于座位处飞沫的积分浓度，无论乘客是在公交车前排、后门位置还是公交车最后一排呼出飞沫，公交车最后一排远离车门的座位都属于低风险区域。相比之下，公交车内靠近车门的座位和中间座位是风险较高的区域。因此，本研究提出坐在低风险区域的座位上作为降低乘客风险的手段。不仅如此，还应改造驾驶员周围的安全防护设施，提高驾驶员所在位置上部区域的隔离度，有效防止飞沫向驾驶员扩散，从而有效降低驾驶员感染风险。
In closed buses, the spread of droplets with viruses/bacteria may cause the spread of respiratory infectious diseases. Discrete phase modeling is used to simulate the diffusion characteristics and concentration distribution of droplets at different temperatures and different exhalation positions by ANSYS FLUENT software. The integral concentration of droplets at different locations can be quantified, which leads to identification of low-risk areas and high-risk areas in the bus.Results show that a higher outdoor temperature leads to lower droplets' diffusion speed and longer time until the droplets reach the driver. In addition, based on the integral concentration of droplets at the seats, regardless of whether a passenger exhales droplets in the front row of the bus, the position of the rear door or the last row of the bus, the seats in the last row of the bus away from the door belong to the low-risk area. In contrast, the seats near the door and the middle seat in the bus are higher risk areas. Consequently, this study proposed sitting on a seat in the low-risk area as a means to reduce the risk of passengers. Moreover, safety protection facilities around the driver should be modified to improve the isolation of the upper area of the driver's location, so as to effectively prevent the droplet diffusion towards the driver, thereby effectively reducing the driver's risk of infection.