Differential responses of the gut transcriptome to plant protein diets in farmed Atlantic salmon.
Differential responses of the gut transcriptome to plant protein diets in farmed Atlantic salmon.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12864-016-2473-0
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发表时间：
2016-02-29
期刊：
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Martin SA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Król E;Douglas A;Tocher DR;Crampton VO;Speakman JR;Secombes CJ;Martin SA
替代植物蛋白源替代鱼类饲料中有限的海洋成分的潜力对鱼类养殖业的未来至关重要。然而，鱼类饲料中的植物成分含有抗营养因子（ANF），可促进肠道炎症（肠炎）并损害鱼类健康。目前尚不清楚由次级代谢有显著差异的植物材料诱导的肠炎是否以共同或不同的基因表达模式为特征，以及使用单一与混合植物蛋白的饲料如何影响肠道转录组和鱼类性能。我们使用大西洋鲑鱼幼鱼，在8周的喂养试验后，研究远端肠道对不同饮食水平（0- 45%）的大豆浓缩蛋白（SPC）和蚕豆（Vicia faba）浓缩蛋白（BPC）的转录组反应。豆粕（SBM）和鱼粉（FM）分别用作肠炎的阳性和阴性对照。使用为大西洋鲑鱼开发和验证的微阵列平台进行基因表达谱分析。不同的植物蛋白材料（SPC，BPC和SBM）产生了显著不同的肠道基因表达谱，相对较少的转录组学改变（基因，途径和GO术语）共同使用的所有植物蛋白。当SPC和BPC同时包括在饮食中时，它们比单独使用SPC或BPC的饮食诱导的肠道转录组的变化范围更小，这可能是由于单个ANF水平降低。相对于单一植物蛋白饮食，混合植物蛋白饮食还与改善鱼的身体组成相关，这可能为肠道转录组变化幅度与整体动物性能之间的联系提供证据。我们的研究结果表明，肠道转录组分析提供了一个有用的工具，用于测试替代蛋白质来源的水产养殖饲料的适用性和设计饮食与ANF对鱼类健康的影响减少。最终，了解养殖鱼类的饮食-肠道相互作用和肠道内稳态对于最大限度地提高性能并确保水产养殖继续成为不断增长的世界人口的可持续食物来源非常重要。本文的在线版本（doi：10.1186/s12864-016-2473-0）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
The potential for alternative plant protein sources to replace limited marine ingredients in fish feeds is important for the future of the fish farming industry. However, plant ingredients in fish feeds contain antinutritional factors (ANFs) that can promote gut inflammation (enteritis) and compromise fish health. It is unknown whether enteritis induced by plant materials with notable differences in secondary metabolism is characterised by common or distinct gene expression patterns, and how using feeds with single vs mixed plant proteins may affect the gut transcriptome and fish performance. We used Atlantic salmon parr to investigate the transcriptome responses of distal gut to varying dietary levels (0–45 %) of soy protein concentrate (SPC) and faba bean (Vicia faba) protein concentrate (BPC) following an 8-week feeding trial. Soybean meal (SBM) and fish meal (FM) were used as positive and negative controls for enteritis, respectively. Gene expression profiling was performed using a microarray platform developed and validated for Atlantic salmon. Different plant protein materials (SPC, BPC and SBM) generated substantially different gut gene expression profiles, with relatively few transcriptomic alterations (genes, pathways and GO terms) common for all plant proteins used. When SPC and BPC were simultaneously included in the diet, they induced less extensive alterations of gut transcriptome than diets with either SPC or BPC singly, probably due to reduced levels of individual ANFs. The mixed plant protein diets were also associated with improved body composition of fish relative to the single plant protein diets, which may provide evidence for a link between the magnitude of changes in gut transcriptome and whole-animal performance. Our results indicate that gut transcriptomic profiling provides a useful tool for testing the applicability of alternative protein sources for aquaculture feeds and designing diets with reduced impact of ANFs on fish health. Ultimately, understanding diet-gut interactions and intestinal homeostasis in farmed fish is important to maximise performance and to ensure that aquaculture continues to be a sustainable source of food for a growing world population. The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2473-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.