Human calcaneal external shape relative to activity and foraging levels
Human calcaneal external shape relative to activity and foraging levels
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与活动和觅食水平相关的人类跟骨外部形状
DOI：
10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.02927
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Sylvester, Adam D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Harper, Christine M.;Ruff, Christopher B.;Sylvester, Adam D.
跟骨在负重中的作用表明，它可能反映了不同现代人群在活动和觅食水平上的差异。虽然下肢皮质骨和小梁骨已被证明与人类行为有关，但人类跟骨的变异尚未在此背景下进行研究。在这里，我们分析了最近工业化的现代人（n=60）、美洲土著农学家（n=47）、没有完全采用农业的过渡美洲土著人口（n=10）和石器时代晚期的霍桑狩猎采集者（n=13）的整个跟骨外部形状。对跟骨进行表面或微CT扫描，并使用三维几何形态测量滑动半标记分析其外部形状。允许半标志相对于更新的普洛克氏平均值滑动，以最小化薄板样条插值函数的弯曲能量。最后的地标配置使用广义Procrustes分析对齐。利用主成分分析对形状变化进行了总结。计算不同人群之间的普氏距离，并重新抽样统计以检验显著差异。所有人群的跟骨形态都有统计学差异（p<0.005）。工业化和非工业化人口在前六个主成分上相互分离（方差的52.34%）。非工业化人群表现出中外侧更宽、上下更高的后跟骨和跟结节，以及更大的腓滑车。这种更强的强健性可能是为了适应与非久坐生活方式相关的跟骨负荷增加。然而，工业化的久坐现代人拥有相对较大的外侧足底突，这可能是一种补偿机制，可以弥补两足动物的行为。本项目由美国国家科学基金会资助# BCS‐1824630。
The role of the calcaneus in weight‐bearing suggests that it may reflect differences in activity and foraging levels among different modern human populations. While lower limb cortical and trabecular bone have been demonstrated to vary with regard to human behavior, human calcaneal variation has not been studied in this context. Here we analyze the entire calcaneal external shape of recent industrialized modern humans (n=60), Native American agriculturalists (n=47), a transitional Native American population that had not fully adopted agriculture (n=10), and Late Stone Age Khoesan hunter‐gatherers (n=13).Calcanei were either surface or micro‐CT scanned and their external shape analyzed using a three‐dimensional geometric morphometric sliding semilandmark analysis. Semilandmarks were allowed to slide relative to an updated Procrustes average to minimize the bending energy of the thin plate spline interpolation function. Final landmark configurations were aligned using a Generalized Procrustes Analysis. Shape variation was summarized using a principal components analysis. Procrustes distances between different human populations were calculated, and resampling statistics run to test for significant differences.All human populations demonstrate statistically different calcaneal morphologies (p<0.005 for all comparisons). Industrialized and non‐industrialized populations separate from each other across the first six principal components (52.34% of variance). Non‐industrialized populations demonstrate a mediolaterally wider and superoinferiorly taller posterior calcaneus and tuber, as well as a larger peroneal trochlea. This greater robusticity is likely adapted for the increased load through the calcaneus associated with a non‐sedentary lifestyle. The industrialized sedentary modern humans, however, possess a relatively larger lateral plantar process, potentially as a compensatory mechanism for bipedal behaviors in a generally less robust and more antero‐posteriorly elongate calcaneus.Support or Funding InformationThis project was supported by NSF grant # BCS ‐ 1824630.