Deoxynivalenol (DON) content and Fusarium head blight resistance in segregating populations of winter rye and winter wheat
Deoxynivalenol (DON) content and Fusarium head blight resistance in segregating populations of winter rye and winter wheat
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DOI：
10.2135/cropsci2003.0519
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发表时间：
2003-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Geiger, HH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Miedaner, T;Schneider, B;Geiger, HH
赤霉病是由禾谷镰刀菌引起的一种赤霉病。[真形体：玉米赤霉Gibberella zeae(Schw.)Petch]和镰刀菌Fusum culmorum(W.G.SM.)SACC.是一种危害谷物的毁灭性病害，主要是脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)和3-乙酰DON(3-AdOn)，造成产量损失和收获籽粒受到真菌毒素的污染。本研究旨在评估在育种计划的早期选择降低DON含量和赤霉病抗性的可能性。对冬黑麦F-3品系间的遗传变异进行了估算。和冬小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)以及这两个特征之间的联系。在田间试验中，将4个黑麦群体和1个小麦群体(共218个和77个后代)及其亲本分别接种在4个地点-年份组合(环境)中，其中一个菌株产生高水平的DON。用酶免疫法测定籽粒DON和3-AdOn含量，并评估白叶枯病的严重程度。此外，还对166个黑麦样品进行了GC-MS分析。两种方法高度相关(0.9)。DON平均含量为20~129 mg kg(-1)，平均病情严重度为3.8~6.8(1~9分)。亲本方法与其各自F3代的方法大体相似。两个性状的遗传变异均达到极显著水平(P=0.01)，但X基因与环境的互作效应也很高(P=0.01)。然而，籽粒DON含量的遗传力低于赤霉病等级，尤其是在黑麦中。因此，赤霉病严重程度与DON含量的表型相关系数只在黑麦(0.3-0.7)的中等范围内，而小麦(0.8)的表型相关系数较高。黑麦和小麦的遗传相关系数普遍表现出紧密的关联性(0.8-0.9)。在三个黑麦群体中发现了DON含量较高的超亲分离体，在一个黑麦群体中发现了较高的赤霉病抗性的超亲分离体。植物育种家早在F3代就可以有效地开始选择籽粒DON含量较低、抗赤霉病的品种。DON含量低的品系可以通过选择在不同环境中降低白叶枯病严重程度来间接获得。
Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum Schw. [teleomorph: Gibberella zeae (Schw.) Petch] and Fusarium culmorum (W.G. Sm.) Sacc., is a devastating disease in cereals, resulting in yield loss and contamination of harvested grains with mycotoxins, mainly deoxynivalenol (DON) and 3-acetyl DON (3-ADON). This study was undertaken to evaluate the possibility of selecting to reduced DON content and FHB resistance early in a breeding program. We estimated the genetic variance among F-3 lines in winter rye (Secale cereale L.) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and the association between the two traits. In field experiments, four rye and one wheat populations with a total of 218 and 77 progenies, respectively, together with their parental lines were inoculated in four location-year combinations (environments) with an isolate of F. culmorum that produced high levels of DON. Grain DON and 3-ADON contents were determined by an enzyme immunoassay and head blight severity was assessed. Additionally, a total of 166 rye samples were analyzed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The two methods were highly correlated (0.9). Mean DON contents ranged from 20 to 129 mg kg(-1), and mean disease severity from 3.8 to 6.8 on the 1-to-9 scale. The parental means generally resembled the means of their respective F3 progenies. Significant (P = 0.01) genotypic variance was detected, but genotype X environment interaction was also high (P = 0.01) for the two traits. Grain DON content, however, showed lower heritabilities than head blight rating, especially in rye. Coefficients of phenotypic correlation between FHB severity and DON content, therefore, were only in the medium range for rye (0.3-0.7) and higher for wheat (0.8). Genotypic correlation coefficients generally showed a tight association in both rye and wheat (0.8-0.9). Transgressive segregants for higher DON content were found in three rye populations and for higher FHB resistance in one rye population. Selection for lower grain DON content and FHB resistance can be effectively started by plant breeders as early as in the F3 generation. Lines with low DON content can be indirectly achieved by selecting for reduced head blight severity across environments.